托福阅读长难句是困扰考生的一大难题,很多考生因为长难句而难以理解文章的内容。但是,长难句并没有考生想象地那么可怕,主要考生能够分析长难句中主干内容以及修饰成份即可。接下来,前程百利小编和大家分析那个托福阅读长难句分析。
第一部分:我们遇到的长难句主要有以下三种情况:
1)找不到句子主干
找不到句子主干的考生主要是对简单句的集中构成不了解,而且对于各类修饰情况没有很好地认识。这就需要考生了解长难句中的各类修饰情况。
2)能找到主干,但是花费时间长
花费较长时间才能够找到句子主干的考生,主要是对语法和句型不太了解。至少是不太熟悉和精通。这就需要考生对于英语中的基本语法能够了解,而且也要积累一些单词。
3)单词和语法都懂,但是看不懂句子
这样的话就是考生的语感问题,很多考生认识单词,也懂得语法结构,但就是不知道句子的含义。其实主要是考生对于文章的语境以及翻译句子时候的逻辑没有搞清楚。
第二部分:解决托福阅读长难句主要有两大原则:
1、主次化:从左到右原则
1)主语:从左到右,排除从句,介词短语,非谓语短语后的第一个名词或者代词
例如:The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals.这句话中主语是“The companies”。
排除从句的情况主要是为了避免句子左侧有从句出现的情况(例如:If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held),而介词短语一般是在表示时间、地点的时候出现,非谓语短语的情况也差不多。因此,在派出了这些问题之后,考生就能够确定句子的主语了。
2)谓语:从左到右,排除从句,非谓语后的第一个动词
例如:A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds.这句话中的谓语是see,前面的theory是主语, closely related是修饰主语的成份。
2)层次化:主干和修饰的分析
第一层次:主干
In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars): guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers, and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for.
主干部分:there was little problem......guilds......were required to provide rowers, and......free citizens served (compulsorily)......
第二层次:修饰
A、介词后的名词
B、非谓语后的名词
C、从句主干
The same thing happens (to this day) , though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river stream emerges ( from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land), (dropping its load as the current slows):the water (usually) spreads out ( fanwise) , depositing the sediment (in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope).
修饰成份:
1. dropping its load as the current slows
2. depositing the sediment (in the form of a smooth, fan shaped slope).
以上就是前程百利小编针对托福阅读长难句中主干和修饰成份的理解。在解决长难句问题的时候,首先是要了解自己存在的问题,然后根据自身问题进行有针对性地解决。然后就是在分析长难句结构的时候,可以根据两种原则进行分析。
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