前程百利小编觉得托福综合写作是托福考试中最容易得分的部分。所以，大家在这部分一定要保证不要失分。小编接下来和大家分享的是托福写作真经4中test8独立写作的内容。从阅读和听力的要点分析，范文的词汇和万能语句出发，帮助大家更好的了解每一个托福写作话题的写作方式。
Reading & Listening
Marsupials are a group of animals that are considered mammals. The kangaroo is the most well-known marsupial. They mainly live in Australia; however, some species are found in New Guinea, South America, and North America. Fossil evidence, however, shows that marsupials once lived virtually everywhere on the planet. Yet because marsupials had trouble adapting to their environments, they died out in most of those places.
Marsupials differ from other mammals in that they do not have placentas, and thus mothers do not carry their babies to term. Instead, baby marsupials are born before they are fully developed. Upon being born, a baby marsupial crawls inside a pouch in its mother’s body, where it remains until it matures. Unfortunately, being born prematurely means that most marsupials have undeveloped immune systems. This makes them more susceptible to infections and premature death, which happens with great frequency.
Marsupials have a low metabolic rate in comparison with other mammals. To control their body temperatures, mammals must eat food to give them energy. But the low metabolic rate of marsupials means that they have trouble maintaining warmth in their bodies when the temperature becomes cold. As a result, they mostly died out in colder lands and are now primarily found in places with warmer environments such as Australia and South America.
In addition, marsupials are absent from many lands nowadays because they were simply outcompeted by mammals. Animals in the same ecosystems typically vie with one another for their food and habitats. Marsupials, weakened by their immune systems and inability to cope with cold weather, were pushed out of many places by mammals, which proved to be far stronger. As a result, marsupials today only live in a few areas around the world.
阅读要点：
观点：Because marsupials had trouble adapting to their environments, they died out in most of those places.有袋类动物无法适应环境，因此，大部分地区都见不到他们的踪影。
1、Unfortunately, being born prematurely means that most marsupials have undeveloped immune systems.因为，有袋类动物繁殖的时候，后代会早产。所以，后代的免疫力都很差。
2、Marsupials have a low metabolic rate in comparison with other mammals.和其他动物相比，有袋动物的新陈代谢能力很低。
听力要点：
观点：After all, remember that marsupials thrive in places where mammals don’t.
有袋动物并不比其他哺乳动物差，他们能够在一些哺乳动物无法生存的地方存活。
1、This way, the babies are more easily protected by their mothers, and they can strengthen their immune systems by feeding and drinking their mothers' milk. This makes them strong and healthy as babies.
虽然，有袋动物的后代早产，但是免疫力却可以从食物和母亲的乳汁中获得。这样他们也可以变得强壮，健康。
2、Marsupials can also regulate their body temperatures better than mammals, which stop them from overheating in hot, dry conditions.有袋动物同样可以调节体温，这样就可以防止体温在干热的环境中过热。
范文分析：
①The lecturer argues that each species has its most optimal place for a habitat. Thus, marsupials are not weaker than mammals. ②This directly refutes the reading passage’s claim that marsupials vanished in most places due to their inability to adjust to their harsh surroundings.
First, marsupials have the advantage of not having placentas. Since placental mammals carry babies for a relatively long period of time, the mothers are susceptible. Conversely, marsupials carry their young in a pouch immediately after birth so that security and health from breastfeeding are guaranteed. ③This fact contradicts the reading passage's claim that a marsupial’s premature birth often results in infection and death.
④On top of that, the lecturer contends that their habit of slowly ingesting food and converting it to energy afterward has enabled marsupials to withstand severe conditions. This helps them endure for long periods of time without food, an advantage in Australia, where it is arid and difficult to forage for food. Moreover, their ability to control their body temperature is better than that of mammals. ⑤This fact casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that their low metabolic rate can account for their disappearance in most places.
Finally, by examining fossils, it has been proven that a huge number of mammals lived in Australia in the past. However, they could not overcome the severe environment and had to move out of the land. ⑥This refutes the reading passage’s claim that the rule of the survival of the fittest eliminated marsupials from where mammals now live.
闪光词汇：
habitat['hæbə'tæt]n.[生态] 栖息地，产地
vanish['vænɪʃ]vi.消失;突然不见;成为零
placenta[plə'sɛntə]n.[胚] 胎盘;
susceptible[sə'sɛptəbl]adj.易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的
eliminate[ɪ'lɪmɪnet]vt.消除;排除
范文中可以提取出来作为模板的句子：
①The lecturer argues that……
②This directly refutes the reading passage’s claim that……
③This fact contradicts the reading passage's claim that……
④On top of that, the lecturer contends that……
⑤This fact casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that……
⑥This refutes the reading passage’s claim that……
托福写作真经中的题目都是按照托福考试真题的常考类型，精挑细选之后，整理成此本书籍。所以，前程百利小编整理的托福写作真经综合写作的解析更加有针对性。解析中出现的题目分析以及模板句子的使用，大家都可以学习一下。
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