托福的综合写作分数可以说是由3部分决定的，阅读能力、听力能力以及写作能力。阅读能力基本上被中国考生忽略，而听力和写作能力是制约托福综合作文的关键因素。不过，想要解决听力和写作能力两大障碍，小编建议大家多积累一些素材。因为很多考生对于新托福综合作文的写法或者说侧重点不甚清晰。因此，接下来涉就针对托福听力和写作中常用的一些表达方式以及文章写作的要点，和大家分享。
第一部分：托福听力和写作常用词汇和词组表达
一、观点的表述
The author: discuss introduce argue conclude suggest recommend propose appeal
The speaker:
1. point out say tell
2. disagree disapprove refute rebut reject object to oppose counter
3. doubt question challenge
4. cite mention quote refer to
5. suggest put forward illustrate show explain
二、反驳关联套句
1. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.
3. This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.
4. This was another part where experience contradicted theory.
5.not as the passage puts it, ….
6. Unlike described in the passage
7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …
8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim
9. actually/in fact/in deed
10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…
三、指代文章信息的抽象名词：
1. reason cause basis ground motive motivation
2. example instance
3. evidence date fact proof basis foundation
4. explanation account
5. definition description clarification
6. assumption premise hypothesis guess
7. conclusion belief idea opinion judgment view notion argument theory
8. issue matter topic problem subject concern
9. acknowledgement observation
10. statement point detail
11. advice appeal proposal plan scheme recommendation
12. benefit advantage improvement
四、指代讲座信息的抽象名词
1. studies researches
2. finding discovery
3. alternative explanation theory
4. counter-example counter-evidence
5. claim assertion
6. objection refutation charge
7. remark comment
第二部分：托福综合写作范文品鉴
(阅读部分的观点)The reading states that assembling a group of people in a team is the best way to approach certain new projects. (听力部分如何反驳)However, the professor’s lecture casts doubts on the reading by giving detailed examples about the phenomena in a company.
(阅读和听力的第一个对比)The first doubt is that people in teams do not get what they deserve. According to the professor, there are “free riders” in every team and these people can still benefit from the recognition the team gets. In contrast, those who make real contributions are not recognized, as the success goes to the group as a whole. These differ from the reading’s statement, that is, members of the team usually have chances to be recognized as highly significant.
(阅读和听力的第二个对比)Another key point made by the professor is that teams do not move very quickly because they are hard to reach consensus, especially they need a lot of meetings to reach an agreement. Instead, the reading mentioned that, teams move quickly. To be specific, teams have wider range of knowledge, expertise and skills. These two points, if compared, are whole against each other.
(阅读和听力的第三个对比)Moreover, the professor argues that influencers are sometimes too influential over what the groups do. The group may drop the plans which should be discussed deeper and turn to the so called “highly created” plans made by the influencers. Additionally, when these influencers make mistakes, the whole team is to be blamed.
(结论)In conclusion, the doubts casted above demonstrate that the reading’s opinion “teams are more risky and creative” is suspicious for us to believe according to the lecture of the professor.
以上就是前程百利小编为大家整理的托福综合写作的素材。希望考生能够更好地运用这些综合写作素材，从而提高文章的可读性以及文章语言的丰富程度。
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