并列列举是指为了增强段落论证的充实性和论证的深度，将一个段落的理由分成并列的几个方面来展开论述。尤其是当段落主题句中含有抽象名词或复数名词时，在段落内部可以通过并列的方式来多角度展现抽象名词或复数名词。下面小编结合具体的例子为大家讲解如何在托福独立写作中运用“并列列举”的方法。
下面这个段落是一位考生在考前限时训练时写的。写作题目是：现在的年轻人是否比过去的年轻人更爱帮助别人?该考生选择的立场是现在的年轻人更爱帮助别人。其中一个主体段从“现在的年轻人用很多传统的方式帮助别人”的角度论证，下面这个段落则从“现在的年轻人用很多新型的方式帮助别人”的角度来论证。
Besides helping others in conventional ways, nowadays, young people tend to help others in various new ways. They take advantage of their new abilities and skills to help others.
Some computer talents go to help the senior citizens in the community send emails or make contact with their children overseas; some English majors go to help foreigners as tour guides or language partners; some people with a background in economics set up new banks to help farmers invest in their farmland and expand their production.
该考生通过三个排比句来展开细节，具体论述了现在的年轻人如何利用自己的能力和特长来帮助别人，将段落主题句中“help”这一抽象名词其体化了。
此外，考生也可以将一个段落主题句的理由细分成更具体的理由，每个理由内部再结合一定的细节来论证。
下面这个段落是一位考生在考前限时训练时写的。写作的题目是：是否应该在交通高峰期向司机征收一定的费用?该考生不同意这种做法，这个段落给出的理由是“这样不仅不会缓解交通状况，而且可能加重交通拥堵的状况。”
Besides, charging money will not improve the traffic situation in rush hour but will bring more traffic jams. For one thing, because the fee that drivers pay for a single time may seem cheap, drivers probably don’t mind when they are asked to pay it. In this case, the fee will not prevent too many drivers from driving when the traffic is heavy. For another thing, it is difficult to take the action of charging drivers money during heavy traffic. If toll stations are set up at the entrances of the main streets, they will create a very long queue of cars outside the stations waiting to pay the fees to get through. Not only is this inconvenient, but it also makes the traffic worse and drivers may become more anxious when waiting for a long time to pass the toll stations. Thus, this action will not case the pressure of traffic jam.
在这个段落中，该考生将理由细分成两个方面，每个方面都结合一定的细节展开，深人阐述了为什么这样的做法无法缓解交通拥堵状况，甚至会使交通更加拥堵。
在运用并列列举的方法时，考生需要注意段落内部层次和逻辑的清晰性，段落内部不同层次之间不能交叉重叠。考生在写作时可以使用一些表达方式来增强层次感，比如“first，to begin with，to start with，besides，in addition，additionally，furthermore，finally，lastly，for one thing，for another thing”等。
以上就是小编为大家分享的托福独立写作之“并列列举”的论证方法，希望能给考生的学习带来帮助。最后，小编祝愿各位考生在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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