下面小编为大家整理的是The Evidence-Based Family的英文讲解，选取了manhattan讲解的一些精辟内容，大家感兴趣可以学习一下。
Takeaways for Inference Questions
Most of the time, inference questions will contain some form of the word “conclude” or “infer”, though other variations are possible. Common synonyms include “assertion” or “hypothesis” in place of “conclusion” or “must be true” in place of “infer”.
We have to be careful not to mix up Inference and Strengthen questions. Inference questions ask us to use the argument to support an answer. Strengthen questions ask us to use an answer to support the argument.
Inference arguments will not contain conclusions or assumptions, so don’t waste time trying to find conclusions or brainstorm assumptions! (And that lack of a conclusion is another way by which we can distinguish between Inference an Strengthen questions—Inference arguments never have conclusions, and Strengthen arguments always do.)
The correct answer to an inference question must be true according to the information given in the argument. The correct answer does not have to use all of the information given in the argument.
Trap answers will include Real World inferences—they’re reasonable and could be true, but they don’t have to be true. Inference questions also often include Reverse Direction or Switch Terms traps. These traps will often contain language that is very similar to the language in the argument, but the trap will mix up the order of what the argument actually said.
Takeaways for Explain a Discrepancy Questions
Discrepancy question stems will usually contain the words “explain” or “resolve” as well as the words “if true” (or synonyms).
The argument will consist of premises only; it will not contain a conclusion. The premises will not make sense together. Upon reading the argument, we should think, “Hmm, why would those two things both happen? That doesn’t make sense!”
The correct answer will resolve the discrepancy—that is, the correct answer will show that there really isn’t any discrepancy at all. If we insert the correct answer into the argument, we should be able to say, “Oh, okay, that makes sense now.”
The most common trap answers will try to address something in the argument but will be Out Of Scope in some way. Perhaps the answer will address only one premise and not the other. Perhaps the answer will discuss a group that isn’t at issue or a circumstance that occurred at the wrong time. The trickiest wrong answers of this type will address both premises but won’t go far enough to resolve the discrepancy.
We may also see Reverse Logic trap answers, which will highlight or point out the discrepancy rather than fix it. These can be tricky if we forget that our task is to fix the discrepancy, not point out what the discrepancy is.
There is also a minor type called Complete the Argument.
Takeaways for Complete the Argument Questions
Several question types can be written using a Complete the Argument structure, though most CA questions come in the Strengthen or Assumption formats. The format will always present an underlined blank in the argument, and there will not be a question stem following the argument.
Our first task is to figure out what kind of question we really have. The presence of the words “since” or “because” immediately before the blank indicates a Strengthen/Assumption-type question. On these, our task will be to find something that supports the argument in some way. Alternatively, if the language before the blank says something similar to “it should be expected that,” then we are looking at an Inference-type CA. Finally, we might be asked to “illustrate” or “provide an example of” something that was discussed in the argument.
Trap answer types will follow the normal patterns for questions of that type; for example, a Strengthen CA will have the usual Strengthen-type traps, and an Inference CA will have the usual Infer-type traps.
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