下面的例题均来自prep模考题，做过prep的同学一定不会陌生，下面的几种类型小编就为大家依次整理如下。
★(07prep1-25)Twelve years ago and again five years ago, there were extended periods when the Darfir Republic's currency, the pundra, was weak: its value was unusually low relative to the world's most stable currencies. Both times a weak pundra made Darfir's manufactured products a bargain on world markets, and Darfir's exports were up substantially. Now some politicians are saying that, in order to cause another similarly sized increase in exports, the government should allow the pundra to become weak again.
逻辑链：降低pundra币值(措施)→出口像以前一样陡增(目的)
答案：Darfir的商品生产已接近顶峰。
削弱：有其他因素阻碍目的达成。生产已达顶峰，就算贬值出口也无法再大幅增长。
★(07prep1-55)According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically. The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves. Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
逻辑链：增加过桥费(措施)→积累资金(目的)
答案：费用增加后20%的人会选择走其他的路。
削弱：有其他因素阻碍目的达成。20%的人走其他的路，无法筹到足够资金。
★(07prep2-48)Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?
逻辑链：开发一种阻断所有MM发出的信息的药(措施)→防止哮喘(目的)
答案：这样的药无法区分有有毒气体产生的和由花粉粉尘引起的信息。
削弱：有其他因素阻碍目的达成。有毒气体的MSGR也屏蔽的话人体会受到伤害。
★(07prep1-63)Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week. According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P. Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
逻辑链：O公司的员工比P公司的员工造成事故的可能性更小(推论)→O公司的事故比P公司少(事实)
答案：P公司对于工作事故的分类更多范围更广。
削弱：他因导致。并非因为P公司的员工更容易犯错，而是因为对事故的定义更严格，所以记录的事故更多。
★(07prep1-1)Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
逻辑链：实验室合成富勒烯需要特殊的温度和压力条件(事实)→发现的天然富勒烯可以帮助地理学家了解形成时的地表情况(推论)
答案：天然形成的富勒烯形成于一种未知的结晶结构。
削弱：直接推翻结论。因为自然形成和实验室形成的并非同一种东西，无法用实验推自然。
★(07prep1-2)Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
逻辑链：能减少摔跤的新治疗项目费用比急救费用贵(事实)→这个新项目不合理(推论)
答案：急救治疗中对摔跤造成疼痛的治疗的费用没有算在成本内。
削弱：直接推翻结论。加上疼痛治疗的费用可能新项目反而更便宜。
★(07prep2-8)Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Utrania was formerly a major petroleum exporter, but in recent decades economic stagnation and restrictive regulations inhibited investment in new oil fields. In consequence, Utranian oil exports dropped steadily as old fields became depleted. Utrania's currently improving economic situation, together with less-restrictive regulations, will undoubtedly result in the rapid development of new fields. However, it would be premature to conclude that the rapid development of new fields will result in higher oil exports, because __________.
逻辑链：新油田会快速发展(事实)→石油出口增加(推论)
答案：经济发展导致城内用车多了。
削弱：直接推翻结论。用车多了对石油需求也多了，不一定出口增长。
★(07prep2-15)Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes. However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run. Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
逻辑链：原先降价的公司再提价时给竞争者更好的降价机会(事实)→降价来减少竞争的方法长期来看无法有效获利(推论)
答案：原先降价的公司在出现新的竞争对手时可能会故伎重演。
削弱：直接推翻结论。这种方法可以多次使用来保证自己的市场。
★(07prep2-17)At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables. However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities. Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables. Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.
逻辑链：在长腿桌上吃饭的人比在标准桌上吃饭的人待的时间短(事实)→替换成长腿能增加利润(推论)
答案：好莱坞的人是特例，选长腿桌的客人待的时间不比标准桌短。
削弱：直接推翻结论。好莱坞的人时间并不短，所以就算换了获利不会提高。
★(07prep2-39)The imposition of quotas limiting imported steel will not help the big American steel mills. In fact, the quotas will help "mini-mills" flourish in the United States. Those small domestic mills will take more business from the big American steel mills than would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absence of quotas.
逻辑链：MM比国外工厂从ASM抢得更多生意(事实)→限量进口会促进MM发展，不会帮助ASM(推论)
答案：MM生产的都是ASM不生产的小批量钢材。
削弱：直接推翻结论。MM和ASM生产对象不同，限制国外会促进ASM发展。
★(07prep2-58)The proposal to hire ten new police officers in Middletown is quite foolish. There is sufficient funding to pay the salaries of the new officers, but not the salaries of additional court and prison employees to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.
逻辑链：增加警官(事实)→更多逮捕和指控(推论)
答案：该城市的警官率继续增加会遏制犯罪的发生。
削弱：直接推翻结论。增加警官反而会减少指控和逮捕。
★(08prep2-111)Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.
逻辑链：加工厂都在城市(事实)→取消关税不能降低城市的失业率(推论)
答案：实施关税会导致农民无利可图而进入城市。
削弱：直接推翻结论。事实关税后大批农民进入城市，反而更不能降低失业率。
★(07prep1-11)Mourdet Winery: Danville Winery's new wine was introduced to compete with our most popular wine, which is sold in a distinctive tall, black bottle. Danville uses a similar bottle. Thus, it is likely that many customers intending to buy our wine will mistakenly buy theirs instead.
Danville Winery: Not so. The two bottles can be readily distinguished: the label on ours, but not on theirs, is gold colored.
逻辑链：我们的酒标签和他们不一样，是金色的(事实)→顾客不会买错(推论)
答案：不常买的顾客会根据瓶子最显著的特征买酒。
削弱：缩小AB的差异。就算标签不一样，两者的瓶子特征很相似，分不太清。
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