Manhattan是考生在备考GMAT考试时必备的备考资料之一，在Manhattan阅读中对GMAT阅读考试的介绍非常详细实用，下面小编就为大家带来Manhattan阅读中文笔记-Chapter7(二)希望对大家的阅读备考有帮助。
Passage B; Television's Invention
In the early years of television, Vladimir Zworykin was, at least in the public sphere, recognized as its inventor. His loudest champion was his boss, David Sarnoff, then president of RCA and a man that we regard even today as "the father of television." Current historians agree, however, that Philo Farnsworth, a self-educated prodigy who
was the first to transmit live images, was television's true inventor.
In his own time, Farnsworth's contributions went largely unnoticed, in large part because he was excluded from the process of introducing the invention to a national audience. Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms, and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products. Sarnoff had already utilized this construct to develop the radio industry, and it had, within ten years, become ubiquitous. Farnsworth thought the television should be used as an educational
tool, but he had little understanding of the business world, and was never able to implement his ideas.
Perhaps one can argue that Sarnoff simply adapted the business model for radio and television from the newspaper industry, replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with that of selling the television sets themselves, but Sarnoff promoted himself as nothing less than a visionary. Some television critics argue that the construct Sarnoff implemented has played a negative role in determining the content of the programs themselves, while others contend that it merely created a democratic platform from which the audience can determine the types of programming it wants.
生疏单词：
prodigy:奇迹，奇观，奇才
exclude:排斥，逐出，拒绝接纳
paradigm:范例，范式，典范
ubiquitous:普遍存在的，无所不在的
implement:实施，执行，器具，手段
revenue:税收，收益
subscription:订阅，签署，捐献
visionary:梦想的，空想家
contend:主张，竞争，为…斗争
democratic:民主的，大众的
长难句分析：
Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms, and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products.
本句主要是and连接的两个并列句，Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms, and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm后面是that引导的定语从句对television industry进行解释。
话题分类：商业经济类
文章展开套路：新老观点型
作者态度：客观评价
文章脉络：
第一段：主要讲早些时期，大家都认为Zworykin至少在公共领域被认为是电视机的发明者。他的老板后来成为RCA老总的Sarnoff是最大赢家，到今天也有很多人把Farnsworth当做是“电视之父”是电视的真正的发明者。
第二段：Farnsworth的贡献很大程度上被忽视,是因为他在引入国家观众的过程中被排斥。而Sarnoff主导的电视产业和发展的广播行业,十年之内已经无处不在。Farnsworth认为电视应该被用来作为一个教育工具,但他对商业世界不了解，也没有实现自己的理想
第三段：一些电视评论家认为,Sarnoff的商业模式再决定节目内容上起到了消极的作用,而另一些人则认为,它只是创造了一个民主平台,观众可以确定编程的类型。更多相关内容请点击》两大普世性GMAT阅读法介绍。
答案：1-5: E C E B D
习题解析：
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) correct public misconception about Farnsworth’s role in developing early television programs
(B) debate the influence of television on popular culture
(C) challenge the current public perception of Vladimir Zworykin
(D) chronicle the events that led up to the invention of the television
(E) describe SarnofFs influence on the public perception of television’s inception, and debate the impact of SarnofFs paradigm
选项说明：
(A) Farnsworth只在第一段和第二段中被提到，且本文没有讨论其对早期电视编程的影响。
(B) 文中没有提到电视对公众文化的影响。
(C) 文中只在第一段提及到Vladimir Zworykin，没有提到公众对他的认知问题。
(D) 文中讨论的是电视机发明之后的事，没有提及原因事件。
(E) 正确，包含了三段文字的主要内容。
2. It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the passage that
(A) television shows produced by David Sarnoff and Vladimir Zworykin tended to earn negative reviews
(B) educational programs cannot draw as large an audience as sports programs
(C) a number of critics feel that SarnofPs initial decision to earn television revenue through
advertising has had a positive or neutral impact on content
(D) educational programs that are aired in prime time, the hours during which the greatest
number of viewers are watching television, are less likely to earn a profit than those that are aired during the daytime hours
(E) in matters of programming, the audiences preferences should be more influential than
those of the advertisers
选项说明：
(A) 文中没有提到David Sarnoff 和 Vladimir Zworykin制作的电视节目，文中没有提及此事。
(B) 可以推测出教育类的节目吸引力不够强，但cannot表绝对否定，不恰当。
(C) 文中的原句是some television critics argue that Sarnoff’s paradigm has played a negative role in determining the content，while others contend that it merely created a democratic platform…据此可推测出此选项正确。
(D) 文中没有对节目的播出时间作出利益区分。
(E) 此推断超出了文章范围，并且文中没有提及影响节目选择的因素。
3. Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between the second and third paragraphs?
(A) The second paragraph dissects the evolution of a contemporary controversy; the third
paragraph presents differing viewpoints on that controversy.
(B) The second paragraph explores the antithetical intentions of two men involved in the
infancy of an industry; the third paragraph details the eventual deterioration of that
industry.
(C) The second paragraph presents differing views of a historical event; the third paragraph represents the authors personal opinion about that event.
(D) The second paragraph provides details that are necessary to support the author s opinion, which is presented in the third paragraph.
(E) The second paragraph presents divergent visions about the possible uses of a technological device; the third paragraph initiates a debate about the ramifications of one of those perspectives.
选项说明：
(A) 第二段没有过多讨论对当代争论的探究，第三段主要是对Sarnof典型模式的讨论。
(B) 第二段不是讨论二人对早期工业雏形的对立讨论，第三段也没有详细展示工业的退化。
(C) 第二段没有提到具体的历史事件，第三段作者也只是客观评论。
(D) 作者展示了两种相对立的观点，但对于自己的观点没有明显表露。
(E) 正确，第二段表达了两种关于如何使用电视的不同观点，第三段是SarnofFs模式影响的讨论。
4. According to the passage, the television industry, at its inception, earned revenue from
(A) advertising only
(B) advertising and the sale of television sets
(C) advertising and subscriptions
(D) subscriptions and the sale of television sets
(E) advertising, subscriptions, and the sale of television sets
选项说明：
(A) 不全面
(B) 正确，第二段和第三段分别提到了advertisers pay for the programming和 replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with that of selling the television sets themselves。
(C) newspaper industry revenue from subscriptions
(D) 没有提到广告收入。
(E) 订阅是报纸的盈利手段。
5. The passage suggests that Farnsworth might have earned greater public notoriety for his invention if
(A) Vladimir Zworykin had been less vocal about his own contributions to the television
(B) Farnsworth had been able to develop and air his own educational programs
(C) Farnsworth had involved Sarnoff in his plans to develop, manufacture, or distribute the television
(D) Sarnoff had involved Farnsworth in his plans to develop, manufacture, or distribute the television
(E) Farnsworth had a better understanding of the type of programming the audience wanted to watch most
选项说明：
(A) 文中没有提到Zworykin对声乐作品的贡献。
(B) 文中没提到Farnsworth想发展自己的电视节目，另外没有关于发展教育类节目会给其带来恶名的讨论。
(C) 第二段提到he was excluded from the process of introducing the invention to a national audience，所以不正确。
(D) 文中指出Farnsworth’s contributions went unnoticed partly because he was excluded from the process of introducing the invention to the audience.，所以如果他也参与进来很可能也会被人恶评。
(E) 文中并没有提及Farnsworth’s对于公众对电视节目内容的看法。
以上是关于Manhattan阅读中文笔记-Chapter7(二)的详细内容，希望大家也能从中受益，不断改进自己的备考方法提升备考效率，从而写出漂亮的文章获得满意的成绩。更多相关内容百利天下小编会持续为大家送上，祝大家都能早日梦圆名校。
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