在GMAT阅读中考生经常会遇到的一类题目是推断题，即考生需要根据原文已知信息结合合理推断从而选出正确答案。如何避免过度推断成为确保考生正确率的关键因素，接下来小编就为大家带来GMAT阅读如何避免过度推断实例讲解，一起学习一下吧。
推断题是GMAT阅读考试中的必考题型，基本上每篇文章中都会出现1-2个对这类题型的考察。主要考察的是考生对文章中的一个观点或者立场的理解程度，这类问题的答案虽然在原文中作者已经强烈的暗示了，但是并没有明确的阐明，需要考生自己去推测。做GMAT阅读推理题考生一定要注意：推理题绝对不是凭空的猜测，臆断，而是根据文章的已知内容进行合理的推理判断，在做题时一定要注意基于原文进行发散思维，不要脱离做题根本。
在这类题目中，考生可以通过两种方法来进行推测。一种是正向推断，即这类题目中的正确选项通常是对这样的定位信息的改写，考生只要通过正向推断就可以得出答案。另一种是逆向推断，即从时间发展的这条水平轴上，根据时间词或者是对比词比如by contrast ,unlike, while, whereas, on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from来推测推断题的主要内容。但是，在展开推理时要注意不要推理过度，否则容易脱离文章实际，判断失误。更多相关内容请点击》GMAT阅读易忽略问题汇总。
下面小编就结合Prep07 Test2 Essay 15阅读文章为大家做详细介绍：
After the Second World War, unionism in the Japanese auto industry was company based, with separate unions in each auto company. Most company unions played no independent role in bargaining shop-floor issues or pressing autoworkers' grievances. In a 1981 survey, for example, fewer than 1 percent of workers said they sought union assistance for work-related problems, while 43 percent said they turned to management instead. There was little to distinguish the two in any case: most union officers were foremen or middle-level managers, and the union's role was primarily one of passive support for company goals. Conflict occasionally disrupted this cooperative relationship-one company union's opposition to the productivity campaigns of the early 1980s has been cited as such a case…
The Japanese model was often invoked as one in which authority decentralized to the shop floor empowered production workers to make key decisions. What these claims failed to recognize was that the actual delegation of authority was to the foreman, not the workers. The foreman exercised discretion over job assignments, training, transfers, and promotions; worker initiative was limited to suggestions that fine-tuned a management-controlled production process. Rather than being proactive, Japanese workers were forced to be reactive, the range of their responsibilities being far wider than their span of control. For example, the founder of one production system, Taichi Ohno, routinely gave department managers only 90 percent of the resources needed for production. As soon as workers could meet production goals without working overtime, 10 percent of remaining resources would be removed. Because the "OH! NO!" system continually pushed the production process to the verge of breakdown in an effort to find the minimum resource requirement, critics described it as "management by stress."
文章脉络分析：
二战后，自动工业的工会是以公司为基础的----这时的工会和领导没什么区别，甚至工会还总会对公司的目标有消极的帮助----1986年日本工会被分出公司，美国在1979 年后就有这样的工会，但是在自动工业上实现困难----日本经常被认为是权威分散制，其实是误解这篇文章属于长阅读。文章内容比较易懂，属于较为简单的长阅读。更多相关内容请点击》GMAT阅读最实用心得分享。
Question 50：
The author of the passage mentions the "OH! NO!" system primarily in order to
(A) indicate a way in which the United States industry has become more like the Japanese auto industry
(B) challenge a particular misconception about worker empowerment in the Japanese auto industry
(C) illustrate the kinds of problem-solving techniques encouraged by company unions in Japan
(D) suggest an effective way of minimizing production costs in auto manufacturing
(E) provide an example of the responsibilities assumed by a foreman in the Japanese auto industry
选项分析：
推断(Inference)旨在考察我们对文章的深度理解，以及逻辑推断能力。从文中第二段可以看出，“OH NO”系统是作者举得一个例子。其目的是为了证明第二段的第二句话“What these claims failed to recognize was that the actual delegation of authority was to the foreman, not the workers.”。这是一个人们对日本工人情况的误解。
(A) 在一个方面说明美国工业更像日本的自动工业。“OH NO”系统是日本的系统，文中没有信息表明美国也正在用这个系统，属于过度推断中“无中生有”的一种。
(B) Correct. 攻击一个日本自动工业工人被许可的事情的一个误解。解释同“考点”。
(C) 说明日本公司工会解决问题的技术的种类。文中没有说明这个系统是个解决问题的系统。作者提到“OH NO”系统更不是这个目的，属于含混不清。
(D) 提出一个在自动工业中有效的方法来减小产品成本。这个选项容易被误选。这个系统确实可以减小成本，但是作者的目的不是为了说明这个系统的作用，而是用这个系统作为例子，来证明日本权力分散于工人是个误解。属于过度推断中“缺失前提条件的一种”。
(E) 提出一个日本自动工业领班所承担的责任的一个例子。同“D”，作者提出这个系统，不是举一个领班所要承担的责任的一个例子。
以上就是GMAT阅读如何避免过度推断实例讲解的主要内容，希望考生能够对文章中介绍的解题方法有所了解并不断提升自己的解题能力。更多关于GMAT备考的资讯小编会持续为大家送上，祝大家早日梦圆名校。
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