GMAT语法平行并列真题解析(三)
GMAT语法的一大考点就是平行结构,所以想要语法得到高分,平行结构必须要弄清楚。平行结构也是GMAT语法的专属考点,本文就给大家带来GMAT语法平行并列真题解析,希望对大家有帮助。由于篇幅较多,我们分开几部分给大家讲解。接着讲解第三部分。
例5:
None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed have.
A have
B has
C shall
D do
E could
分析:
None在句首的话,谓语动词是单数,句子主语是None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime ,谓语动词是explains,谓语动词之后跟了一个why 引导的宾语从句,most of the people 是从句主语,exposed to the alleged causes 是动词ed形式修饰people,谓语commit crimes,紧接着出现了并列连接词and,后面的 conversely前后都是逗号,所以可以当做插入语,那么and后面并列的就是 why so many of those not so exposed have.在我们这个句子当中没有发现那个助动词或者谓语动词是have,所以就要猜测这个have的使用是否正确了。因为并列连接词并列的是两个宾语从句,而且是有特殊疑问词why引导的,所以这个句子补充出来就是why so many of those not exposed to the alleged causes commit crimes。既然省略的是commit这个实义动词,那么就应该使用do的相应形式来补出。所以答案D正确。因为句子主语用many 修饰,可见句子主句是个复数形式。所以do使用正确。当然如果句子主语是单数的话,那么就应该使用dose.如果是过去时态就应该是did.
正确句子 :
None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed do .
验证:
None 句子主语,explains 句子谓语,并列了两个有特殊疑问词why引导的宾语从句。Do省略掉的是commit crimes 。
例6:
In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it.
A trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it
B trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant
C attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant
D attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating it
E attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant
分析:
介词短语在句首,如果用逗号语句子隔开,那就是个状语的成分,In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, 介词短语在句首作状语,句子主语是dioxin,induces 是谓语,production是宾语,of enzymes 介词短语作定语,that are the organism's trying to metabolize,定语从句,因为that在句子当中充当的是主语enzymes ,做的是成分,所以that引导的是定语从句,这里that指代的是enzymes ,是一个可数名词的复数,所以谓语用的are是正确的,or就是并列词,后面出现的render是动词原形,那么能并列的不就是metabolize了吗。划线开始的是trying是个doing结构,doing结构不常用,我们知道动词优于形容词,形容词优于抽象名词,抽象名词优于动名词,所以动名词一般不会被优先使用。我们一起看五个选项。
其中C和D使用了attempt和try 这两个词表示的是同一个意思,所以属于用词重复,排除这两个选项。A选项chemical 是个形容词,后面跟了个that引导的定语从句,这肯定是不行的,所以A错误。因为定语从句修饰的是名词才对。B选项trying that it metabolize,其中句子主语是it ,谓语是metabolize,可见主谓不一致。排除B。最后剩下E。
正确句子:
In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant.
验证:
In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, 介词短语充当状语成分,dioxin句子主语, induces 是句子谓语,production是宾语,that are the organism's attempt是that引导的定语从句,attempt to do something,既然这样那么 render harmless这个harmless是个形容词, render是个动词,不就很奇怪了吗?形容词在动词后边的就只有宾语补语,比如make的使用,其中就有一个make+名词+形容词,这个形容词就是宾语补语,如果harmless,是宾语补语的话,那么这个宾语在哪里呢?其实就是the chemical irritant.那问题又来了为什么中间要有一个逗号呢?除非宾语太长才会和补语调换位置,但是the chemical irritant.又不长。这里要注意,the chemical irritant.不仅充当的是render 的宾语而且还是 metabolize的宾语,所以为了能够充当两个谓语动词的宾语就在中间隔了一个逗号。这里用的是render+ something +形容词的形式。
关于并列今天我们讲到了and ,but,or,虽然只讲了三个,但是这三个用的地方特别多,可以并列主语,谓语和宾语,或者其他的修饰语,比如从句当中并列两个完整的句子,所以以后在做题的时候,需要辨别清楚到底并列的是什么成分。
》》点击了解GMAT语法平行并列真题解析(一)
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