GMAT语法出题形式有两种，一种是部分划线，一种是全部划线，全部划线句子比较长，大家做的时候也比较费力，长句子的时候，要多读语义，体会出差异。今天我们就说一下GMAT语法考试划线长的句子如何做。
语法题目中很多句子都会以一种相当复杂冗长的结构展现在大家面前，而这种展现形式很多时候是出题方为了混淆大家视线故意改出来的。所以考生也应该学会反其道而行，给复杂的句子瘦瘦身。具体做法是首先找出句子的主干部分，比如主语和谓语动词等，然后把一些额外的从句、定语等内容去掉，只保留最基本的句子成分。在这个基础上寻找语法漏洞和错误，就比较容易找到解题点了。
Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether the Earth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated all along that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess.
A. the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess
B. the effects that are the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, would be those impacting the most on people
C. those effects to have the largest impact on people, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, are what are the most obvious effects
D. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, the most obvious effects, that they would have the largest impact on people
E. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, which are the most obvious effects, are those to impact the most on people
翻译：
对于温室效应的讨论一般都集中在地球是否会变暖和会变多少，但是气象学家指出，最明显的效应和对人类影响最大的现象中是极端气候，降水和风暴。
句式：
Discussion has focused on whether, but c have indicate all that.
思路：
长句子的时候，要多读语义，体会出差异。
选项：
A. 正确;
B. 变成了the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess并列了，不合句子原来的意思;
C. 应该用虚拟语气;
D. THEY指代歧义;
E. Which指代不清，应该用虚拟语气。
Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.
A. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.
B. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.
C. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.
D. A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.
E. A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.
翻译：
引用有故障的投票设备，混乱的选票，选民的错误和选举地点的问题做证据，一项关于2000美国总统大选的调查估计得出，一亿选票中有400万至600万的选票没有被计算进去。
句式：
Citing A, B, C, and D, a study of sth. has estimated that…
思路：
句子的重心应该是这项调查得出了什么结果。见分词在句首，考虑逻辑主语。Which是否指代正确。既然句子是全划线，那就没有必要纠结要固守于A句的句子重心。
选项：
A. Which就近修饰election，语义应该修饰study。They无指代对象;
B. 正确。New study作为citing……的逻辑主语，句子主干为：citing……，a new study has estimated that……;
C. 4million……votes 做了主语，但是votes是不能citing的。语义不符;
D. votes that were cast累赘，因为时态一致，可以省略that were;had been过去完成时错误，没有时间对比说明count这个动作发生在过去的过去(即便count是个瞬间动词，但是在否定句中瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用，而是用完成时态);
E. had not been时态错误;主谓相隔太远不好;复杂的句式estimate后面补出that更好。
引申：
1) estimate的固定用法：
estimate (that) (不需加原V)
estimate + N + at + 价格等数量词 (估价)(除此概念以外优先用estimated to be表达)
"Estimate X to have VERB'ed" 表达法错误;
40 to 44 million years是时间概念，要用estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old.
2) 谓的“原句”，“合理重心”，都是根据逻辑意思判断的。特别对于长句子，能够在读题时迅速判断合理重心，是加快做题速度、提高正确率的第一利刃;
3) --ing分词作句首，逻辑主语等于主语;
4) ballot，n，选票;
5) 所谓“夹心”，既可以作为定语修饰主语，又可以作为状语修饰后面的谓语。
》》点击了解GMAT语法解题4大步骤
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