托福写作常见语法错误主要分为两类：一类是词汇和表达错误，另一类是句子结构错误。下面小编为大家总结了托福写作表达和句子结构的一些常见错误，希望通过本次课程内容的学习，大家能够对托福核心语法有更加深入的了解。
一、表达错误
Idiomatic expressions——地道表达
例1：According to my point of view, on no account can we turn a deaf ear to what our grandparents advise us to do.
这句话中“According to my point of view”的表达是不恰当的，英语中“According to”表达的是一种客观的根据，个人的看法是很主观的看法，不能用“According to”，可以改成“In my view”或者“In my opinion”。
例2：Just as the famous saying goes, it is never too old to learn.
这句话大家已经很熟悉了，意思是“正如古话所说的那样，活到老，学到老。”按照汉语理解，“老”就是“old”，没有问题，但是在地道英语表达中，不是“it is never too old to learn”，而是“it is never too late to learn”。
例3：We need to carefully judge the things happened to us.
这句话明显是一个汉语式的表达，地道的表达应该是“We need to carefully judge the situations we are in.”。
例4：He gave the money to his friend's families and said no words.
这句话中“什么都没说(said no words)”这种表达在英语中是不常见的，我们可以把它改成“said nothing at all”。
例5：He tried his best to found a company and earn a large number of money.
这句话中的“money”是一个不可数名词，不能用“a large number of”来修饰。在英语中，修饰不可数名词的有“a great deal of，a large amount of”等;修饰可数名词的有“a great/large number of，a multitude of，a host of，loads of”等;既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有“a large quantity of，a lot of，lots of，plenty of”等。
例6：The next twenty years from now on, students will not use printed books any more.
在正式的英语表达中不用短语“not any more”，而用“no longer”，因此这句话可以改成“For the next twenty years, students will no longer use printed books.”。
例7：Having been undergoing ups and downs for many decades, they knew more about society.
这句话中使用了比较级“more”，但并没有明确比较对象是谁。我们可以把比较对象补充出来：“Having been undergoing ups and downs for many decades, they knew more about society than their grandchildren.”。
例8：The advantages of E-books are great. For instance, much more paper will be saved; more resources could be shared and so on.
在英语写作中，考官更希望看到考生直接举例说明，而不用“and so on，and so forth，etc.”等。那么上面这句话就可以把“and so on”的内容补充上，例如“...digital library takes up almost zero physical space”。
二、句子结构错误
考生在托福写作中常犯的句子结构错误主要包括以下几个方面：
Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气
Tense & voice 时态和语态
Subject-verb agreement 主谓一致
Participial Construction 分词结构
Attributive Clause 定语从句
There be 句型
Ungrammatical structures 结构混乱
1. There be 句型
例1：Recently, there are more and more people who prefer to travel with a tour guide.
这句话中有一个定语从句，但是定语从句缺少先行词，这是考生使用“There be”句型常犯的一个错误。这时需要去掉“There be”句型，变成“Recently, more and more people prefer to travel with a tour guide.”，这时句子的结构才是完整的。
例2：There have a great development of technology.
很多考生把“There be”句型改成“There have”来使用，这是错误的表达。上面这句话我们可以把它改成一个被动语态，变成“A great change has happened to the development of technology.”。
2. 时态、语态、语气
(1)语态
英语写作中，任何一种语态都可，但在某些特定句子中，一种语态可能比另一种语态更恰当。
例1：Students should try their best to improve their English.
这个句子没有错误，但是如果把这句话改成被动语态：“In order to improve English, continuous efforts are required.”，是不是感觉效果好了很多?
例2：During the development of society, they have already forgotten the nation's virtue.
这句话如果改成被动语态：“The nation's virtue has fallen into oblivion during the development of society.”效果同样会好很多。
注意：切忌把两种语态混合在一个句子中，最好不要在句子间不停变换语态。
(2)时态
遵照事物发生的时间变换时态，时态不可随意转换
例1：Nowadays, with the development of technology many learning styles come out.
很明显，截止到现在，很多学习方式已经出现了，并且对现在产生了一定的影响，更适合使用现在完成时：“Nowadays, with the development of technology many learning styles has come out.”。
例2：Our English teacher has to spend most of her time with us and she had made a big sacrifice for us.
这句话中有两个时态，一个是一般现在时，一个是过去完成时。一般情况下，一个并列句中两个时态应该是保持一致的，因此这句话后半句的时态应该改成一般现在时或现在完成时：“Our English teacher has to spend most of her time with us and she makes (或has made) a big sacrifice for us.”
注意，过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，例如“When we hurried to the bus stop, the bus had left.”
(3)虚拟语气
虚拟语气最常用在条件状语从句中，而条件状语从句也要根据时间采用不同的形式：
条件状语从句主句
与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形
与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形
例1：If it was not for the price, I would buy one e-book.
这句话实际上是对现在情况的虚拟，条件状语从句中应该用“were”，正确的是“If it were not for the price, I would buy one e-book.”
注意：在虚拟语气中有一种特殊情况：一些表示“建议、命令、请求”的一些动词(如suggest/advise/propose/demand/require/insist/request/command/order等)，如果它在连接宾语从句的时候，是需要使用虚拟语气的，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。例如：He suggested that the government took measures to deal with the environmental problems.这句话使用的是虚拟语气，宾语从句中的谓语动词应该用“(should)take”，而不是过去时“took”。
3. 主谓一致
谓语动词要始终保持它与主语在数上的一致。
例1：But now, people are willing to accept new things, which make them more creative.
这句话中包含一个由“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，“which”所指代的内容应该是前面这句话“people are willing to accept new things”，可以看成第三人称单数的形式，那么定语从句中的谓语动词也要使用单数“makes”。
例2：Neither the data nor the information presented in the lecture are convincing.
英语中在使用“either…or/neither…nor”时，后面谓语动词的选择要坚持就近原则。这句话中“information”是一个不可数名词，因此后面的谓语动词“are”要改成单数“is”。
4. 分词结构
现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或完成。
例1：Giving another chance, I would choose to study in another city to experience different cultures.
这句话的意思是“如果给我一次机会，我会选择……”，“给我一次机会”也就是“我被给予一次机会”，表达的是被动的含义，因此这里应该用过去分词“Given”而不是现在分词“Giving”。
5. 定语从句
(1)定语从句引导词只能用that的情况：
当先行词中有人又有物时;
当先行词为不定代词all，one，few，little，no，some，any，everything，nothing，nobody，none等时;
当先行词被only，just，very，right，last等修饰时;
当先行词被最高级修饰时;
当先行词被序数词修饰时。
例1：People who learn ideas and concepts will be more knowledgeable than those that only study facts.
这句话中用了两个定语从句来修饰两种不同的人，第一个定语从句的先行词是人，用who来修饰没有问题;第二个定语从句的先行词是those，指代“那些人”，引导词只能用who，不能用that。因此这句话应该改成：“People who learn ideas and concepts will be more knowledgeable than those who only study facts.”
6. 结构混乱
例1：I believe that true friendship which we cannot measure it using money.
这句话中包含一个宾语从句，但是宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，结构是不完整的。我们可以改成：“I believe that true friendship cannot be measured using money.”。
例2：Some people think that money is too important for them so that they envy the person who has more money than them.
英语中表示“太……以至于”的有“too…to”，还有“so…that”，而这句话却混合使用了这两种表达，导致结构出现了混乱。我们可以把句子改成“Some people think that money is so important for them that they envy the person who has more money than them.”，效果会好一些。
例3：The only reason I can find for this act of true kindness is because of the true friendship between Mark and his friend.
英语中表示原因，原则上直接用“The reason is…”就可以了，不用再加“because of”。这句话可以改成“The only reason I can find for this act of true kindness is that there was a true friendship between Mark and his friend.”
以上就是托福核心语法之托福写作常见语法错误中的表达和句子结构错误，希望能给大家的学习带来帮助。最后，小编祝愿各位考生在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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