托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO14-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO14-3 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia
Paragraph 1:
Pastoralism is a lifestyle in which economic activity is based primarily on livestock. Archaeological evidence suggests that by 3000 B.C., and perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types of pastoralism that were to dominate the region's history for several millennia. Here, the horse was already becoming the animal of prestige in many regions, though sheep, goats, and cattle could also play a vital role. It is the use of horses for transportation and warfare that explains why Inner Eurasian pastoralism proved the most mobile and the most militaristic of all major fors of pastoralism. The emergence and spread of pastoralism had a profound impact on the history of Inner Eurasia, and also, indirectly, on the parts of Asia and Europe just outside this area. In particular, pastoralism favors a mobile lifestyle, and this mobility helps to explain the impact of pastoralist societies on this part of the world
2.According to paragraph 1, what made it possible for Inner Eurasian pastoralism to become the most mobile and militaristic form of pastoralism?
○ It involved the domestication of several types of animals.
○ It was based primarily on horses rather than on other animals.
○ It borrowed and improved upon European ideas for mobility and warfare.
○ It could be adapted to a wide variety of environments.
解析：以most mobile and most militarilistic做关键词定位至倒数第三句，说以马匹做运输工具和福利使得Inner Eurasia pastoralism最mobile，答案是B，C虽然提到了welfare，但不是 borrow的，所以不选
【1】畜牧是一种靠饲养家畜获利的生活方式。考古资料表明，早在公元前3 000年甚至更早的时候，位于欧亚大陆内部的西伯利亚大草原上已经出现了一些能够主导这些地区历史长达几千年的独特的畜牧类型。在这里，尽管绵羊、山羊和牛扮演了非常重要的角色，但是马已经在许多地区成为具有优势地位的动物。正是马在交通运输和战争中的使用解释了为什么欧亚大陆内部的畜牧被证明是所有重要畜牧形式中最不固定和最具军事性的一种。畜牧的出现和传播对欧亚大陆内陆的历史产生了深远的影响，同时，也间接地影响了该地区以外的部分亚洲和欧洲地区。特别是，畜牧青睐流动的生活方式，这种流动性可以解释畜牧社会对部分世界的影响。
Paragraph 2:
The mobility of pastoralist societies reflects their dependence on animal-based foods. While agriculturalists rely on domesticated plants, pastoralists rely on domesticated animals. As a result, pastoraksts, like carnivores in general, occupy a higher position on the food chain. All else being equal, this means they must exploit larger areas of land than do agriculturalists to secure the same amount of food, clothing, and other necessities. So pastoralism is a more extensive lifeway than farming is. However, the larger the terrain used to support a group, the harder it is to exploit that terrain while remaining in one place. So, basic ecological principles imply a strong tendency within pastoralist lifeways toward nomadism (a mobile lifestyle). As the archaeologist Roger Cribb puts it, 'The greater the degree of pastoralism, the stronger the tendency toward nomadism.' A modern Turkic nomad interviewed by Cribb commented: "The more animals you have, the farther you have to move.
5 According to paragraph 2, pastoralists tend to
○ prefer grazing their animals on agricultural lands
○ consume comparatively large amounts of food and clothing
○ avoid eating plant foods
○ move from place to place frequently
解析：问题当中关键词难找，但可以从上题pastoralist和agriculturalist的对比，也就是本段的第一二两句中得出答案D，说游牧民族经常四处游走。A和C原文都没说，B项与原文说反，原文第四句说游牧民族必须四处走以保证同样量的food and clothing，所以B错
【2】畜牧社会的流动性反映出他们非常依赖以动物为基础的食物。如果说农业依靠人工种植作物，那么畜牧业就依赖于饲养动物。因此，牧民和食肉动物一样，在食物链中处于一个更高的位置。其他方面相同的情况下，这就意味着如果他们要保证与农业相同的食物、衣物以及其他生活必需品，他们就必须开拓出比农业更大的区域。因此，畜牧业是一种比农业更宽泛的生活方式。但是，支撑一个群体的土地越大，在原有土地基础上继续开发的困难也就越大。所以，基本的生态学原理意味着畜牧主义生活方式向游牧主义生活方式转变的强大趋势。正如考古学家Roger Cribb 指出的，“畜牧化的程度越高，向游牧化转变的趋势就越明显。”。与Cribb交谈过的一位现代土耳其游牧民说：“拥有的牲畜越多，你就得移动的更远。”
Paragraph 4:
Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. ■If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. ■Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). ■So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. ■Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
9 According to paragraph 4, the fact that pastoralist communities are subject to “strict rules of portability” encourages such communities to
○ relocate less frequently than they would otherwise
○ have households that are more or less equal in wealth
○ become self-sufficient in the manufacture of silk and jewelry
○ share large material surpluses with neighboring communities
解析：关键词已经划出，而第一句只是在说这件事，所以往后看，而下一句是对第一句内容的解释，不是答案。下句说这些规则限制了大家拥有的财产的差别，也就是说大家的财富都差不多，所以答案是B。没推出来的用排除法，A的relocate原文没说;C把原文self-sufficient和括号里的例子搅在一起，偷换概念，错;D的share原文没说
【4】游牧也同样受制于畜牧群体中的严格的可移植性规则。如果你频繁迁移，就难以负担大量的盈余物资。这样的规则限制了牧民家用物资的多样性积累(尽管他们也鼓励积累价值高的便携物品，如丝绸和珠宝)。所以，大体上来说，游牧民族高度自给自足并且抑制粗放式劳动分工。当然，不平等的财富和社会地位确实存在，而且可能存在于绝大多数畜牧社会里。但是除了战乱时期，他们由于太过弱小难以形成通常的稳定、世袭的统治阶级。畜牧社会里同样存在性别歧视，但是由于大多数群体中缺少严格的财富等级制度，而且妇女具备男人的大部分技能，通常还有军事作战技能，所以这种不公平已经弱化。
以上就是托福阅读TPO14-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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