托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO21-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO21-3 Autobiographical memory
paragraph 1
Think back to your childhood and try to identify your earliest memory. How old were you? Most people are not able to recount memories for experiences prior to the age of three years, a phenomenon called infantile amnesia. The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades, especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities. Many find that understanding the general nature of autobiographical memory, that is , memory for events that have occurred in one’s own life, can provide some important clues to this mystery. Between ages three and four, children begin to give fairly lengthy and cohesive descriptions of events in their past. What factors are responsible for this developmental turning point?
Q2 According to paragraph 1,infantile amnesia has intrigued psychologists because
A The ability to recount memories prior to three years of age seems to be connected to intelligence in adulthood
B Psychologists do not understand why some people are able to recount memories from before the age of three years, while others are not able do so
C Psychologists do not understand the connection between infantile amnesia and autobiographical memory
D Although psychologists have evidence that infants have memory abilities, most people connot remember life events that happened before the age of three years.
解析;以intrigue psychologists做关键词定位至第三句，就是上题词汇题那句，说为什么会发生婴儿期健忘症这个问题已经困扰了人们很久，特别是考虑到存在孩子有了些记忆这一证据的存在，也就是说没法解释为什么有证据还infantile amnesia，所以正确答案是D。A的intelligence in adulthood，B的others are not able to和C的autobiographical memory原文都没说
【1】回忆你的童年并尝试找出你最早的记忆。那时你多大?大多数人无法描述出有关三岁前经历的记忆，这种现象就叫做婴儿期遗忘。为什么会发生婴儿期遗忘这个问题已经引发了心理学家们数十年的兴趣，尤其是有大量的证据说明婴幼儿表现出具有令人惊讶的记忆能力。不少人发现理解自传式记忆，即对在某人自己的生活中发生的事件的记忆的一般特性可以为这个不解之谜提供一些重要的线索。3到4岁的儿童开始可以对自己过去经历过的事情给出相当长的具有连贯性的描述。是什么因素导致了这个发育的转折点。
Q3 According to paragraph 1, what is the evidence that a child has developed autobiographical memory?[U1]
A The child is able to remember past events from before the age of three years.
B The child is able to describe past events in a sufficiently lengthy and cohesive manner.
C The child is aware that he or she does not remember experiences from before the age of three years.
D The child is able to give a basic description of the nature of autobiographical memory.
解析：以developed autobiographical memory做关键词定位至倒数第二句和倒数第三句，说三四岁的时候，孩子能给出过去事情的lengthy and cohesive description，这是个developmental turning point，所以答案是B。A说remember，C说孩子知道blabla，D描述的东西不对
【1】回忆你的童年并尝试找出你最早的记忆。那时你多大?大多数人无法描述出有关三岁前经历的记忆，这种现象就叫做婴儿期遗忘。为什么会发生婴儿期遗忘这个问题已经引发了心理学家们数十年的兴趣，尤其是有大量的证据说明婴幼儿表现出具有令人惊讶的记忆能力。不少人发现理解自传式记忆，即对在某人自己的生活中发生的事件的记忆的一般特性可以为这个不解之谜提供一些重要的线索。3到4岁的儿童开始可以对自己过去经历过的事情给出相当长的具有连贯性的描述。是什么因素导致了这个发育的转折点。
Paragraph 3,
Another suggestion is that before children can talk about past events in their lives, they need to have a reasonable understanding of the self as a psychological entity. The development of an understanding of the self becomes evident between the first and second years of life and shows rapid elaboration in subsequent years. The realization that the physical self has continuity in time, according to this hypothesis, lays the foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory.
Q7 According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between autobiographical memory and the development of an understanding of the self?
A Autobiographical memory aids in the development of an understanding of the self.
B Children possess an understanding of the self when they can talk about past events in their lives.
C The realization that the self continues through time may aid in the onset of autobiographical memory.
D The development of autobiographical memory helps children gain an understanding of their roles in their social relationships.
解析：问两者的关系，找understanding of the self和autobiographical memory双关键词定位至最后一句，说自我认识为autobiographical memory的发生打下基础，所以答案是C，onset开端，A和B都没说到两者的关系，D说反了
【3】另有人提出在儿童能够讲述他们过去经历的事情之前，儿童需要对把自我当做一个心理实体有合理的认识。对自我的认识的发展在1到2岁之前非常明显，并在随后的几年中显示出迅速地细致化。根据这个假说，身体自我在时间上的连续性是出现自传式记忆的基础。
paragraph 5
A final suggestion is that children must begin to develop a “theory of mind”----an awareness of the concept of mental states (feelings, desires, beliefs, and thoughts), their own and those of others----before they can talk about their own past memories. Once children become capable of answering such questions as “what does it mean to remember?” and “what does it mean to know something?” improvements in memory seem to occur.
Q10 According to paragraph 5, what evidence is there that a “theory of mind” is a factor in the development of autobiographical memory?
A Even children who are not aware of their mental states are still able to talk about past events.
B Autobiographical memory decreases when a child’s feelings and mental state are upset.
C Older children who are unable to achieve awareness of mental states lack autobiographical memory.
D Children’s memory of past events grows once children can answer questions about what it means to know and remember.
解析：以引号引用的部分做关键词定位至本段第一句，但是这句话除了把题目重复一遍之外什么都没讲，而且这段只有两句话，快速看完第二句，原文说一旦孩子能回答这样的问题，memories就开始发展了，所以得到答案是D。A与第一句说反; B的decrease和C的lack原文都没说
【5】最后一种解释是儿童必须在他们能够讲述自己对过去的记忆前开始发展出一种“心理理论”——对他们自己或别人的心理状态(感觉、欲望、信仰和思想)概念的认识。一旦儿童能够回答诸如“记得是什么意思?”以及“知道某事或某物是什么意思?”等问题的时候，这就会促进他们可能发生的记忆。
以上就是托福阅读TPO21-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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