托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO22-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO22-2 The Birth of Photography
paragraphs 2 and 3
Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.
A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.
4. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?
A. They were equally useful for artists.
B. They could be reproduced.
C. They produced a permanent image
D. They were produced on treated paper.
解析：由于内容较多，此题用排除法较好。A的equally useful原文完全没说，错;B的reproduce是错的，根据第二题，Dague是不能复制的;C正确，根据原文paragraph 2的倒数第三句，说当时缺乏的是permanent form，后来这个问题被Louis D的发明dague解决了，所以Dague是permanent form，至于Calo，paragraph 3第二句都说了是现代摄影的始祖，当然是permanent form，所以C选项正确。D的那个paper是至于calo采用的，dague不用，D错
【2】与其他重要的发明不同，摄影术姗姗来迟。其实当时针孔照相机已经为大家所熟识，它是一种使用小孔或透镜将影像投射到毛玻璃屏或一张白纸上的盒状设备，这种设备已经为很多地貌风景画家所用，像意大利画家卡纳莱托就用它详细记录了威尼斯城。真正缺少的是永久保存这些图像的方法。路易斯•达盖尔(1787-1851)最终做到了这点，他完善了将影像固定到镀银铜板上的方法。他发明的“达盖尔照相法”在1839年公诸于世。
【3】英国发明家威廉姆•亨利•塔尔博特(1800-1877)于1841年申请了另一种截然不同的照相法的专利。塔尔博特的“卡罗式摄影法”是第一种用负片洗印正片的方法，这种方法是现代照片的直接鼻祖。卡罗式摄影法革命性地使用了化学处理的纸片，纸片上受到光照射的区域的色调会变暗于是产生了负像。这种被塔尔博特称之为“负片”的东西随后会被用于在另一张化学处理的纸片上洗印多张正像。
paragraph 6
Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.
6. What point does the author make in paragraph 6?
A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.
B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.
C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.
D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.
解析：此段很短，快速扫完，说了两个点，一是使某些painting被遗弃，二是使making and owning images大众化，所以正确答案是B，即使普通大众也用得起。A的competition原文没说;C的every style原文没说，而且也太绝对;D的比较原文没说
【6】摄影术的确使某些绘画种类变得过时了，达盖尔照相法几乎把迷你肖像画逼到绝路。它还使得整个制造业和拥有图像的产业变得平民化。肖像这个一度只是少数权贵的奢侈品，突然就变得触手可及了。
paragraph 8
The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas
11. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 8 as a benefit that artists derived from photography?
A. It inspired artists to use technological themes in their painting.
B. It lent prestige to those artists who used photographs as models for paintings
C. It provided artists with new types of equipment to speed up the painting process.
D. It motivated artists to think about new ways to compose images in their paintings.
解析：以artist做关键词定位至后半段，说artist不得不接受camera提供的事实，新技术confirm这些事实，有了new compositional formats，所以正确答案是D，新方法compose他们的painting。A的technological theme，B的prestige和C的speed up原文均没提到，都不选
【8】摄影技术上的迅速发展——包括使用更轻便简单的仪器，在照相底片、胶卷和相纸上涂以新型感光乳剂以及加快成像速度——产生了一些意想不到的结果。摄影师，例如爱德华德•麦布里奇(1830-1904)及艾蒂安•朱尔•马雷(1830-1904)进行的科学实验证明人类和动物的运动与我们通常在艺术品中表现的有巨大差异。艺术家往往是勉强地被强迫接受相机所提供的证据。新出现的堪的派摄影(即拍摄对象不知情时抓拍的照片)证实了这些科学成果，同时，由于相机对影像进行的彻底裁剪(修剪)，这些图像暗示了新的创作版式。堪的派摄影师们获得的这种意外效果很快被一些艺术家比如法国画家德加给学去了。
以上就是托福阅读TPO22-2中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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