托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO23-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO23-1 Urban Climates
Paragraph 2
In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount of heat available from the Sun. All the heat that warms a building eventually transfers to the surrounding air, a process that is quickest where houses are poorly insulated. But an automobile produces enough heat to warm an average house in winter, and if a house were perfectly insulated, one adult could also produce more than enough heat to warm it. Therefore, even without any industrial production of heat, an urban area tends to be warmer than the countryside that surrounds it.
3. According to paragraph 2, how soon heat from a warmed house reaches the outside air greatly affected by
A. how well the house is heated
B. how well the house is insulated
C. how many adults live in the house
D. how much sunshine the house receives
解析：relatively相对地，相关地，所以正确答案是comparatively。原文说对这种art的研究是一个怎么样新的学科在澳洲。接着说在过去的四十年中，也就是说已经研究了四十年了，也不能算很新，只是时间相对短罢了，所以正确答案是B。A全新C明显新和D特别新都不对
【2】冬天城市所产生的热量可以达到或超过其从太阳那里接收的热量。所有用来供暖的热量最后都扩散至周围的空气中，这个过程在那些隔热效果差的房屋里进行得最快。一辆汽车所产生的热量足以为一个普通的房屋供暖，如果房屋隔热效果好，一个成年人产生的热量就足以让其保暖了。因此，即使没有任何工业产热，城市地区也会比它周围的乡村地区更暖和。
paragraph 3
The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing longwave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.
6. How is paragraph 3 organized?
A. It describes two factors that contribute to the increased heat of cities and then provides two causes for the second factor.
B. It describes two causes discovered in an early analysis of the increased heat of cities.
C. It describes two factors that contribute to the increased heat of cities and two other factors that work against it.
D. It describes two well-established causes of the increased heat of cities and other two whose roles are less well understood.
解析：原句的结构是frequency导致专家采用了一个term，lead to说明存在因果关系，正确答案是B。A比较关系错，不选;C的结果与原文不同，不选;D的结构跟原文完全不沾边，不选
【3】燃料的燃烧，比如汽车燃料，并不是这种热量增加的唯一来源。另外两个因素导致了城市较高的整体温度。第一个是建造城市的材料的热容，主要典型材料是沥青和混凝土。白天，来自太阳的热量传入到这些物质当中并储存起来，在晚上被释放。但是在乡村储存能量的物质热容更低，因为植被会阻止热量轻易流入和流出地面。第二个因素是从太阳到城市的辐射热以两种形式被拦截了：(1)通过大量建筑的垂直表面的不断反射(2)通过尘埃，即大多数城市中受污染空气组成的云状物质。来自太阳的短波辐射比长波辐射要更容易穿过污染层;后者被这层物质中的气体污染物所吸收，然后重新辐射到城市的表层。
paragraph 4
Cities, then, are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and together they produce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. Heat islands develop best under particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors. For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃ warmer than the side streets. Areas near traffic lights can be similarly warmer than the areas between them because of the effect of cars standing in traffic instead of moving. The maximum differences in temperature between neighboring urban and rural environments is called the heat-island intensity for that region. In general, the larger the city, the greater its heat-island intensity. The actual level of intensity depends on such factors as the physical layout, population density, and productive activities of a metropolis.
8. According to paragraph 4, what can explain the substantial differences in temperature between one area and other within a well-developed heat island?
A. The overall size of the heat island that includes the two reasons
B. The intensify of the heat island that includes the two areas
C. Differences between the two areas in the general level of activity, including traffic
D. Differences between the two areas in the insulation materials used in construction
解析：EXCEPT题，排除法。A的simple animal drawing原文没说，错，选;B的desert varnish做关键词定位至倒数第三句，都说covered with desert varnish，正确，不选;C的know nothing about the origins做关键词定位至倒数第四句，know nothing about their origins，正确，不选;另外这句话也说到了D的geologic changes，所以D也正确，不选
【4】城市要比它周围的乡村地区热，同时它们产生了被称为城市热岛的现象。热岛效应在特殊条件下尤其是有微风时最明显，但是却几乎在任何时候都能形成。热岛的准确状态决定于好几个因素。比如风能在它出现的地方形成一个区域性的热岛。当一个热岛完全形成时，温度变化可能会非常极端;在冬天，繁忙的街道可能要比旁边的街道温度高1.7℃。那些红绿灯附近的地区同样要比红绿灯之间的地区要暖和，因为汽车停止时候的热效应要比运动时明显。城市周边和乡村环境的最大不同是地区热岛效应的程度。一般来讲，城市越大，热岛效应的程度就越强。实际上热岛效应的程度取决于实际布局、人口密度、和城市的生产活动等诸多因素。
Paragraph 5
The surface-atmosphere relationships inside metropolitan areas produce a number of climatic peculiarities. For one thing, the presence or absence of moisture is affected by the special qualities of the urban surface. With much of the built-up landscape impenetrable by water, even gentle rain runs off almost immediately from rooftops, streets, and parking lots. Thus, city surfaces, as well as the air above them, tend to be drier between episodes of rain; with little water available for the cooling process of evaporation, relative humidities are usually lower. Wind movements are also modified in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds, making them far less efficient at dispersing pollutants. On the other hand, air turbulence increases because of the effect of skyscrapers on airflow. Rainfall is also increased in cities. The cause appears to be in part greater turbulence in the urban atmosphere as hot air rises from the built-up surface.
10. According to paragraph 5, surfaces in the city are generally drier than surfaces in the countryside between periods of rainfall because
A. in the city gentle rain is much more common than heavy rain
B. high temperatures in the city speed up the process of evaporation
C. in the city there are longer periods of dry weather between episodes of rain
D. rainwater in the city cannot soak into most surfaces and quickly runs off
解析：找两个style的不同，第二句不仅说到了两个style，而且用unlike说了两者的不同，所以是信息所在。这句说跟泛澳洲的geometric不同，figurative有更大的区域性特征，也就是说不同区域有区别，所以正确答案是A的from region to region，剩下三个选项都没说
【5】在大都市里表面大气之间的关系产生了一系列特殊的气候特征。首先，湿气的存在与否受到了城市表层特殊性质的影响。由于水无法穿过大多数城市建筑，即使是很小的雨也会立即从屋顶、街道和停车场流到地下。这样城市表层包括其空气在雨季的间歇期就会比较干燥;由于蒸发的冷却过程缺少水分，相对湿度通常也很低。气流会因为城市建筑的摩擦而改变。这种摩擦会降低风速，使得气体扩散污染物的效率降低。另一方面，湍流也会因为摩天大楼的影响而增加。城市降雨也增加了。其原因部分在于从地表上升的热空气所造成的城市大气中的更大湍流。
12. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a factor responsible for the greater air turbulence in urban environments?
A. The high speed of the winds travelling above cities
B. The greater rainfall totals recorded in cities
C. Attempts to reduce urban air pollution
D. The effects of tall buildings on airflow
解析：这个修辞目的题比较特殊，作者提到的修辞点在最后一句，往前看，前一句也不是中心，按常理应该看段首，但由于这段段首也不是中心，所以也不对。无奈只有往回找，找到倒数第四句，说这个从简单到复杂的顺序模糊了cultural continuity，也就是说作者说naturalism不一定跟着abstraction是为了说明这个顺序不对，之前M说有这个顺序，所以答案是C，提供一个反例给M的interpretation。A和D没说，B说反、
【5】在大都市里表面大气之间的关系产生了一系列特殊的气候特征。首先，湿气的存在与否受到了城市表层特殊性质的影响。由于水无法穿过大多数城市建筑，即使是很小的雨也会立即从屋顶、街道和停车场流到地下。这样城市表层包括其空气在雨季的间歇期就会比较干燥;由于蒸发的冷却过程缺少水分，相对湿度通常也很低。气流会因为城市建筑的摩擦而改变。这种摩擦会降低风速，使得气体扩散污染物的效率降低。另一方面，湍流也会因为摩天大楼的影响而增加。城市降雨也增加了。其原因部分在于从地表上升的热空气所造成的城市大气中的更大湍流。
以上就是托福阅读TPO23-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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