托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO26-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO26-2 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions
Paragraph 2:
The nature of plant life in deserts is also highly dependent on the fact that they have to adapt to the prevailing aridity. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent (water-storing) and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.
Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.
2: Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals
○ produce even more seeds than in a wet year
○ do not sprout from their seeds
○ bloom much later than in a wet year
○ are more plentiful than perennials
解题：以dry year和ephemeral做关键词定位至首句，但只看这句话没有答案，于是看最后一句，讲植物种子直到下个wet year之前都dormant，也就是dry year的时候它们休眠，所以正确答案是B。注意C有迷惑性，虽然原文提到了wet year，但没有讲干湿年份进行比较，所以C错;A犯了跟C相同的错误;D错在原文没有把ephemeral跟perennial进行比较。
【2】沙漠中植物的特征很大程度上取决于它们对这种普遍干旱条件的适应程度。沙漠地区的植物大致可以分为两类：寿命较长的多年生植物，这类植物一般都是多肉植物(可以储水)，经常是比较矮小的木本植物;以及一年生或寿命更短的植物，这类植物生命周期短，可能在降雨后快速而密集地形成。
3: How is paragraph 2 related to paragraph 3?
○ Paragraph 2 provides a general description of desert plants, and paragraph 3 provides a scientific explanation for these observations.
○ Paragraph 2 divides desert plants into two categories, and paragraph 3 provides further information about one of these categories.
○ Paragraph 2 proposes one way of dividing desert plants into categories, and paragraph 3 explains one problem with this method of classification.
○ Paragraph 2 discusses two categories of desert plants, and paragraph 3 introduces a third category of plants.
解题：问两段关系，看开头。第二段开头说植物需要适应沙漠的干旱环境，第二句说有两类;第三段开头讲其中一类，因此应该是第二段总述，第三段分述，所以正确答案是B。A错在第三段没有scientific explanation;C错在第三段不是讲分类的问题;D错在第三段讲的是第二段两个分类中的一个，而不是第三类。
【2】沙漠中植物的特征很大程度上取决于它们对这种普遍干旱条件的适应程度。沙漠地区的植物大致可以分为两类：寿命较长的多年生植物，这类植物一般都是多肉植物(可以储水)，经常是比较矮小的木本植物;以及一年生或寿命更短的植物，这类植物生命周期短，可能在降雨后快速而密集地形成。
Paragraph 4:
The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by means of various avoidance mechanisms. Most desert plants are probably best classified as xerophytes. They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti), store water in their structures. Another way of countering drought is to have a limited amount of mass above ground and to have extensive root networks below ground. It is not unusual for the roots of some desert perennials to extend downward more than ten meters. Some plants are woody in type —an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.
6: According to paragraph 4, some desert plants with root systems that are extraordinarily well developed have
○ relatively little growth aboveground
○ very leafy aboveground structures
○ non woody plant tissue resistant to wilting
○ water stored within their roots
解题：以root systems that are extraordinarily well developed做关键词定位至第五句，也就是上个词汇题的那句，说另外一种抗击干旱的方法是植物地上部分小地下部分大，所以正确答案是A。B刚好说反;C的nonwoody和D的water都不在定位句中。
【4】多年生植物会采用各种躲避机制以适应干旱。大部分的沙漠植物可能最好都被归类为旱生植物。这类植物进化出了抗旱适应机制：覆盖在蜡质叶子层表面的浓密的绒毛,在温度最高的时候闭合气孔,在干旱季初期卷起或脱落叶片都可以减少经过叶片的水分的流失。有些旱生植物在植物组织中贮存水分，如多肉植物(包括仙人掌)。另一种抵抗干旱的方法是抑制植物地上部分的生长，转而发展广泛的地下根系网络。有些多年生沙漠植物的根系可以向下延伸10米多深，这种情况(在沙漠中)并不少见。有些植物是木本植物，这种适应机制可以防止因水压(下降)产生萎蔫而引起的植物细胞解体。另一类沙漠植物类别则是地下水湿生植物。这类植物通过繁衍长的主根来适应环境，这些主根可以向下穿透直达地下水提供的充足水源。这类植物包括枣椰树、柽柳以及牧豆树属的一些灌木。这类植物通常情况下沿溪流，河道或者是湖泊边缘分布。
Paragraph 7:
Some animals have behavioral, physiological, and morphological (structural) adaptations that enable them to withstand extreme conditions. For example, the ostrich has plumage that is so constructed that the feathers are long but not too dense. When conditions are hot, the ostrich erects them on its back, thus increasing the thickness of the barrier between solar radiation and the skin. The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heat loss by convection. Furthermore, the birds orient themselves carefully with regard to the Sun and gently flap their wings to increase convection cooling.
11: According to paragraph 7, what special adaptation helps the ostrich cope with hot desert conditions?
○ Each of its feathers is very short and dense.
○ Its wings produce only lateral air movement when flapping.
○ Its feathers are very thickly set on both its back and its wings.
○ It can make its feathers stand up on its back.
解题：以ostrich做关键词定位至第二句和第三句，第三句说当炎热的时候，ostrich会竖起它们背上的羽毛，所以正确答案是D。B没提到feather，错;A说feather短，错;C的both blabla原文没说，错。
【7】有些动物还具有行为学、生理学以及形态学(结构)上的适应机制，以确保它们可以抵抗极端环境。例如，鸵鸟的羽毛具有这样的结构特征：毛很长但不太浓密。当气温变热时，鸵鸟便会竖起背上的羽毛，因此增加太阳辅射与娇嫩皮肤之间的屏障的厚度。然而，这些稀疏排列的羽毛同时也确保了皮肤表面横向空气流动的进行，因此通过对流达到散热的效果。此外，鸵鸟会根据太阳的位置谨慎调整自己的方向，轻轻拍打翅膀以增加对流的降温效果。
以上就是托福阅读TPO26-2中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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