托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO28-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO28-3 Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
Paragraph 1:
A conspicuous sign indicating the presence of white-tailed deer in a woodlot is a buck rub. A male deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. When completed, the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area. A rub is usually located at the shoulder height of a deer (one meter or less above the ground) on a smooth-barked, small-diameter (16-25 millimeters) tree. The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern United States.
2.According to paragraph 1, why are small red maple trees ideal for buck rubs?
O They have smooth bark.
O They are found in the mid-eastern United States.
O They grow very slowly.
O They tend to grow in open spaces.
解题：根据small red maple tree定位(红色字标出)，而这句话的主语其是“The smooth bark” 因此知道they have smooth bark才是成为理想对象的重要条件。
【1】一个表示白尾鹿在小树林中存在的显著标志是雄鹿擦痕。雄鹿利用鹿角剥除小树的树皮以制造雄鹿擦痕。完工后，雄鹿擦痕对我们来说是一道明显的标志，对当地的其它鹿来说也可能如此。擦痕常与鹿肩齐高(距地面一米或不到一米)，并位于树皮光滑、树径较细(16-25cm)的树上。美国中东部森林中的树皮光滑的红色小枫树是雄鹿擦痕的理想物种。
Paragraph 3:
Buck rubs also have a scent produced by glands in the foreheads of deer that is transferred to the tree when the rub is made. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication between deer. The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached. A decade later another study reported that adult male white-tailed deer exhibited forehead rubbing just before and during the rut. It was found that when a white-tailed buck makes a rub, it moves both antlers and forehead glands along the small tree in a vertical direction. This forehead rubbing behavior coincides with a high level of glandular activity in the modified scent glands found on the foreheads of male deer; the glandular activity causes the forehead pelage (hairy covering) of adult males to be distinctly darker than in females or younger males.
3.The studies of forehead rubbing by deer described in paragraph 3 showed that
O forehead rubbing encourages the growth of antlers
O mule deer and white-tailed deer behave differently during the rut.
O the rut can occur at different times of the year
O deer convey important information through scent
解题：根据 forehead 定位到这段的第一句。这句说会留下气味，后一句说了气味的作用是communication。所以D符合。
【3】雄鹿擦痕都有一种由雄鹿前额上的腺体分泌的气味，它在制造擦痕时涂抹到树上。这些气味使得雄鹿擦痕成为鹿与鹿之间重要的嗅觉交流方式。嗅觉交流(利用气味交流)在鹿群生活中的重要性可以通过几十年前一项对圈禁的雄鹿的研究得以印证。研究发现，特别是当秋天将近时，雄鹿就将其前额在树枝上蹭来蹭去。十年后的另一项研究发现成年雄性白尾鹿在其发情期或发情期前会摩擦其前额。当白尾鹿制造擦痕时，它将其鹿茸和前额腺体在小树上垂直磨蹭。这种前额的磨蹭行为和雄鹿前额上散发气味的腺体的异常活跃一致。该腺体活动导致成年雄鹿的前额皮毛比雌鹿或未成年鹿的暗很多。
Paragraph 5:
Because both sexes of white-tailed respond to buck rubs by smelling and licking them, rubs may serve a very important additional function. Fresher buck rubs (less than two days old), in particular, are visited more frequently by adult females than older rubs. In view of this behavior it has been suggested that chemicals present in fresh buck rubs may help physiologically induce and synchronize fertility in females that visit these rubs. This would be an obvious advantage to wide-ranging deer, especially to a socially dominant buck when courting several adult females during the autumn rut. Another visual signal produced by while-tailed deer is termed a buck scrape. Scrapes consist of a clearing (about 0.5 meter in diameter) and shallow depression made by pushing aside the leaves covering the ground; after making the scrape, the deer typically urinates in the depression. Thus, like a buck rub, a scrape is both a visual and an olfactory signal. Buck scrapes are generally created after leaf-fall in autumn, which is just before or during the rut. Scrapes are usually placed in open or conspicuous places, such as along a deer trail. Most are made by older males, although females and younger males (2.5 years old or less) occasionally make scrapes.
10.According to paragraph 5, which of the following is true about chemicals in buck rubs?
O They have to be at least two days old for females to be able to detect them.
O They are more effective in older buck rubs than in fresher ones.
O They may affect fertility in female deer.
O They can be more easily detected by young males than adult females.
解题：根据chemical定位(红色标出)，这句后面说物理上引导并使受精同步……。因此C符合。A原文第二句提到了，但原文说的是要less than 2 day和选项相反。B原文说的是fresh buck rubs更受欢迎。 D这段提到的rub being detected都是关于females。
【5】因为雄性和雌性白尾鹿都会嗅和舔舐雄鹿擦痕，所以这些擦痕还有一个重要的功能。特别的，新鲜擦痕(两天以内制造的)要比更久远的擦痕受到更多关注。这种行为表明新鲜擦痕上的化学物质可能有助于从生理上诱导并让关注这些擦痕的雌鹿同时受孕。这对分布广泛的鹿群显然是一个有利条件，尤其对秋天发情期中一只处于较高社会统治地位的同时向几只成年雌鹿求爱的雄鹿而言。由白尾鹿制造的另一种视觉记号叫做雄鹿窝。雄鹿窝是一个通过将地面上的树叶推开而产生的干净而较浅的低坑(直径约0.5m)。雄鹿窝制造完成后，鹿通常会在低坑里小便。因此，像雄鹿擦痕一样，雄鹿窝既是视觉上的也是嗅觉上的记号。雄鹿窝通常在秋天树叶落下后，雄鹿发情期或之前出现。雄鹿窝常位于开阔或显眼的位置，比如沿着鹿的行动路线。绝大部分雄鹿窝由年龄更大的雄鹿制造，但有些雌鹿和年轻雄鹿(2.5年或更年轻)偶尔也制造雄鹿窝。
以上就是托福阅读TPO28-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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