托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是 TPO32-1的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO32-1 Plant Colonization
【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.
1. According to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?
A.Disturbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.
B.Disturbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.
C.Disturbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.
D.Disturbance reduces the fertility of a site.
解析：第1段第4句话，通过火灾和砍伐的干涉要么消除竞争对手要么降低竞争的强度。
殖民化是植物能够改变一个地方生态的一种方法。这是一个由两部分组成的过程：入侵和生存。一个地方被植物殖民的比率是取决于两个东西的速率：生物体 (种子，孢子，成熟或不成熟的个体) 到达这个区域和它们能成功地立足和生存。成功的殖民化取决于有一个非常适合定居的场所——所谓安全的地方就是，火灾和砍伐的干扰已经赶走了竞争物种或已经减小了竞争力和对入侵物种要立足产生的阻力。对于入侵速率，迁居到一个潮湿肥沃的地方会比到一个干的，不肥沃的地方更快，因为在后者更难存活。一个肥沃，翻耕的领域会迅速地被大量多样的野草侵入，然而一个邻近的建筑区，为了曝光一个粗糙不肥沃的，并且几乎可能是多月或多年都没有植被覆盖的母质层，它的土壤已经是被压实或是移动，尽管是收到了如在翻耕区域相同的种子投入。
【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.
3. Why does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?
A.To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.
B.To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.
C.To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.
D.To explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.
解析：第一段第5、6句话，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。
殖民化是植物能够改变一个地方生态的一种方法。这是一个由两部分组成的过程：入侵和生存。一个地方被植物殖民的比率是取决于两个东西的速率：生物体 (种子，孢子，成熟或不成熟的个体) 到达这个区域和它们能成功地立足和生存。成功的殖民化取决于有一个非常适合定居的场所——所谓安全的地方就是，火灾和砍伐的干扰已经赶走了竞争物种或已经减小了竞争力和对入侵物种要立足产生的阻力。对于入侵速率，迁居到一个潮湿肥沃的地方会比到一个干的，不肥沃的地方更快，因为在后者更难存活。一个肥沃，翻耕的领域会迅速地被大量多样的野草侵入，然而一个邻近的建筑区，为了曝光一个粗糙不肥沃的，并且几乎可能是多月或多年都没有植被覆盖的母质层，它的土壤已经是被压实或是移动，尽管是收到了如在翻耕区域相同的种子投入。
【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.
9. The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?
A.It is uncommon for older seed to germinate.
B.Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.
C.Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.
D.Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.
解析:该例子的前一句话为观点句, 例子是为了说明观点，即长命种子在森林地面上很繁荣。
如果殖民植物产出的是寿命较短的生命繁殖体，之后它们就必须繁殖很大的数量，除非它们有一种高效的传播方式去适应新的栖息地。很多植物依靠风去传播并且产生大量的小且寿命相对较短的种子来抵消这样一种风并不总是能可靠地到达一个适合的栖息地的事实。一些植物已经发展了可供选择的策略，像那些能生产出通过鸟或小型哺乳动物带到合适栖息地的较小却更大的种子的植物，或是能生产出存活得更久的种子的植物。很多的森林植物偏于选择第二种方法，并且大量先驱植物的可存活种子也能在森林地被物上被找到。举个例子，在不列颠哥伦比亚沿海的道格拉斯西部铁杉森林里，每一平方米都能找到1125个可生长的种子。几乎所有在这个种子库里发芽的种子都是属于先驱植物。如这样快速的在这种已被干扰的区域殖民毫无疑问是在部分反映出这个雨林地表的种子库。
【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.
10.According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?
A.By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.
B.By generating large numbers of seeds.
C.By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.
D.By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.
解析：该段的第1句话，发芽时间的变化。
这种在殖民物种里发展的很好的适应方法在萌芽期(种子成长初期)中存在很大程度的变化。一个特定物种的种子表现出一个较宽范围的发芽期，这增加了至少有一部分种子会在有良好的环境条件时期发芽的可能性。这对于要迁居到没有植被去改善极端气候和已具备气候多样性的地方的物种尤其重要。
以上就是托福阅读TPO32-1中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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