托福阅读修辞目的题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的修辞目的题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO13-3的修辞目的题，一起来看看吧。
TPO13-3 Methods of Studying Infant Perception
Paragraph 1
In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (new born), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities. 3. Why does the author mention repetitive following movements of the eye ?
○ To identify a response that indicates a neonate's perception of a stimulus
○ To explain why a neonate is capable of responding to stimuli only through repetitive movements
○ To argue that motor activity in a neonate may be random and unrelated to stimuli
○ To emphasize that responses to stimuli vary in infants according to age
解析：修辞目的题，修辞点所在的句子上题已经读过，只是在叙述一个例子，而且for example进一步说明这句话只是例子。往前看，前句说两种方法的不同告诉研究人员新生儿对刺激的不同反应的level和duration，所以A是答案。B的only原文没说;C的unrelated与原文相反;D的age原文没说
[1]在婴儿感知能力的研究中，许多技术被应用于确定婴儿对不同刺激的反应。由于他们(婴儿)无法用言语表达或者填写问卷，所以自然观察的间接技术被应用成主要的方式去确定婴儿的视觉、听觉和感觉,等等。每种方法都是将刺激引入前婴儿的状态和刺激中或刺激之后婴儿产生的反应作对比。两种标准的不同性给研究人员提供了对刺激反应程度和反应持续时间。比如说，如果一个移动物体经过婴儿(新生儿)的视野，他们就会反复转动眼球。。这种眼球转动的现象可以说明移动物体在一定程度上引起了新生儿的注意。同样，新生儿一般身体活动的改变——比如摇头、眨眼、哭闹或者其他，都可以为研究人员提供婴儿感知能力研究的直观参考。
Paragraph 3：
Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutntive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. ■Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. ■Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. ■Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. ■Numerical increases are used as quantifiable indicators of heightened interest in the new stimulus. Increases in nonnutntive sucking were first used as an assessment measure by researchers in 1969. They devised an apparatus that connected a baby's pacifier to a counting device. As stimuli were presented, changes in the infant's sucking behavior were recorded. Increases in the number of sucks were used as an indicator of the infant's attention to or preference for a given visual display.
7. What is the author's primary purpose in paragraph 3?
○ To explain why researchers must conduct more than one type of study when they are attempting to understand infant perception
○ To describe new techniques for observing infant perception that overcome problems identified in the previous paragraph
○ To present and evaluate the conclusions of various studies on infant perception
○ To point out the strengths and weaknesses of three new methods for quantifying an infant's reaction to stimuli
解析：问第三段整段的目的，看中心句，也就是本段首句。说通过越来越先进的技术可以减少上文中提到的局限性，所以答案是B
[3]观察评估技术变得更加复杂，上述局限性也在降低。婴儿反应的影片分析、心脏和呼吸速率监视器以及无营养允吸设备 都是理解婴儿感知能力的非常有效的工具。影片分析允许观察者反复或者慢镜头播放来仔细研究婴儿的反应。通过观察婴儿在两次刺激之间注意力的长度和频率可以完成精准的测定。而心脏和呼吸频率监视器可以让观察者了解新刺激产生时婴儿的心跳次数和呼吸频率。数值增加被当做是新刺激中提升兴趣的可量化指标。1969年，研究者们首次将无营养吮吸设备动作次数的增加作为评估标准。他们设计出了一种连接婴儿无营养允吸设备和计数器的设备。只要出现刺激，这种设备就会记录下婴儿的吮吸习惯。吮吸次数增加就说明某种视觉展示引起了婴儿的注意或者婴儿偏好此种视觉展示。
以上就是托福阅读TPO13-3中的修辞目的题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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