托福

　　托福阅读修辞目的题考察作者写某个词、句子，举某个例子的目的，很多情况下，作者写的这些细节都是和主旨相关的，所以段落大意常称为修辞目的题考点。前程百利小编从题目出发，为大家分析托福阅读修辞目的和段落大意的关系，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　托福阅读修辞目的题考察考生对于作者目的的把握，这类题型可能要直接问到作者写某个段落的目的或者作用，这样的题目需要考生先把握好段落的主旨，或者还需要考生通过对段落在文章中作用的分析来确定选项。比如TPO Groundwater中的第11题，题目问到第七段的主旨是什么，所以考生必然需要通过概括文章大意来解题。

　　还有大部分题型在提问时并没有直接问段落大意，但是大家都知道，托福阅读中的所有内容都是有意义的，即使是细节也是为着一个论点服务的，这个论点如果是分论点，考生则需要具体分析这个分论点是什么，如果这个细节是为主论点服务的，则考生需要把握段落大意来解题。比如TPO31Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations的第3题：

　　Paragraph 2： Allopatric speciation may be the main speciation route. This should not be surprising, since allopatry is pretty common. In general, the subpopulations of most species are separated from each other by some measurable distance. So even under normal situations the gene flow among the subpopulations is more of an intermittent trickle than a steady stream. In addition, barriers can rapidly arise and shut off the trickle. For example, in the 1800s a monstrous earthquake changed the course of the Mississippi River, a large river flowing in the central part of the United States of America. The change separated populations of insects now living along opposite shore, completely cutting off gene flow between them.

　　题目：Why does the author provide the information that "the subpopulations of most species are separated from each other by some measurable distance"?

　　○To indicate how scientists are able to determine whether subpopulations of a species are allopatric.

　　○To define what it means for a group of animals or plants to be a subpopulation.

　　○ To suggest that allopatric speciation is not the only route to subpopulation.

　　○To help explain why allopatric speciation is a common way for new species to come about.

　　分析：因为本着分析的目的，所以先不按照解题步骤，先分析一下段落的架构。段落前两句说明Allopatric speciation是物种形成的主要方式，并不奇怪;然后根据段落中的关键词In general, In addition可以看出段落重点是阐述两点原因。题目中的内容出现在第一点原因中，所以它的目的实际上是在解释，解释的是前面的“Allopatric speciation是物种形成的主要方式”，也即段落目的，考生如果对段落大意进行分析，可以很明显看出每个内容的目的。

　　再比如， TPO2The origins of cetaceans中的第9题，问的是词汇的目的：

　　Paragraph 5: An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.

　　题目：Why does the author use the word “luckily” in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?

　　○Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.

　　○The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.

　　○The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.

　　○Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.

　　分析：段落主旨可以通过第一句话看出来，说的是从巴基斯坦得到另一个令人振奋的发现。词汇所在句子是：The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. 是对于这个发现的一个具体说明，之后在讲的都是the legs怎样，得到哪些与现代动物的比较，所以这个词和段落主题一致，是在评价这个发现时的一个词汇。选项B正确。

　　以上就是前程百利小编为大家带来的托福阅读修辞目的题和段落主旨的关系分析，不仅是这类题型需要考生了解段落主旨，考生在阅读中把握主旨本来就很重要。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!