事实信息题是托福阅读试题中数量较多的一种题型，几乎在每篇文章中都会出现，主要考查考生回文定位、核对信息的能力。回答此类问题，首先考生需要根据题干中的关键词找到相关信息在原文中出现的位置，然后将选项和原文一一进行核对，与文章内容相矛盾的选项或者不符合题干的选项都是错误选项，只有与文章内容相符的选项才是正确选项。大多数情况下，正确选项是对文章相关内容的同义改写。下面我们结合具体的例子来看一下托福阅读事实信息题的解题方法。
例1(TPO1-Groundwater)：
Paragraph2: The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.
According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?
A. Inside pieces of sand and gravel
B. On top of beds of rock
C. In fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soil
D. In spaces between pieces of sediment
根据以上的解题步骤，首先我们根据题干中的关键词“usually”定位到本段的第二句：“The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.”意思是“松散的沙子、砾石中的沙粒和微小的石子之间的间隙，是最常见的地下水储藏空间。”定位句中的“among”是可以帮助我们得出正确答案的信息点。“among the particles”即颗粒之间的间隙中，因此正确答案是D选项。
有的考生可能会误选A，但这段话中还未提及A选项中的“沉淀物的内部空间”，因此排除;B选项原文并未提及，不选;有些考生会根据“They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed.(在湍急的河流流过的任何地方都可以找到它们的踪迹。)”这一句选择C选项，这是不对的。注意这句话中的“they”指代的是“Beds of this material”，而不是我们想要找的“groundwater”。
例2(TPO3-The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems)：
An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.
According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?
A. Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system.
B. The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replaced.
C. Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next.
D. A change in the members of an organism does not affect an ecosystem’s properties.
这段话讨论的是通过研究池塘得出的关于生态系统的理论：生态系统比其中的单个生物体更稳定。其中关于鱼的那一部分是具体的例子，选项A即是本段最后一句的同义转换，因此D选项是正确的。根据本段第二句话“Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next.(个体鱼可能被替换，但一年一年鱼的总数都趋于一致。)”可知，B、C选项与原文的意思是相反的。D选项在文中没有提及。
以上就是小编为大家分享的托福阅读事实信息题的解题方法，希望能给大家的学习带来帮助。最后，小编祝愿各位考生在托福考试中取得好成绩!
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