在托福独立写作中，根据官方的评分标准，对于写作的文章组织、结构、遣词造句以及语法准确性都会有要求。考生写作文章的好坏也会根据这几方面来评定。那么，在托福独立写作部分，我们会遇到哪些失分点呢?接下来，百利天下小编和大家分享托福独立写作的常见失分点。
首先，想要认清托福独立写作的失分点，就要清楚托福独立写作的评分标准，以及每一个标准下容易出现的错误：
1)Organization ——对应错误：Illogically organized框架缺乏条理
2)Development ——对应错误：Inappropriate explanations, exemplifications, or details.论据选取错误
3)Linking words——对应错误：Lack of coherency.行文不连贯
4)Grammar& vocabulary ——对应错误：Grammatical & spelling errors.语法与拼写错误
其次，托福独立写作具体的文章框架问题：
1、总体框架：
1)清晰明了：让自己的观点一目了然，让考官能够快速抓住考生的总论点和分论点;
2)直线型思维：其实，美国的考官都是直线型的思维，也就是总-分-总的写作结构
3)"总—分—总“结构
2、框架构建：
■ Opening
背景+转述话题+个人观点+过渡句
■ Body
理由1 :主旨句+具体解释+ (例证1)
理由2 :主旨句+具体解释+ (例证2)
理由3 :主旨句+具体解釋+ (例证3)
■ Conclusion
总结上文，重申观点
再次，下面，我们来看一道托福独立写作题目：(优秀)
Topic：A job with more vacation time but low salary VS. a job with high salary but less vacation time.
Model essay：观点：a job with more vacation time
Opening:
①With the remarkable improvement of living standard, we would pay more attention to enjoying life. ②This change has made a number of people have a preference for a job with more vacation time. ③I agree with this opinion, too. Here are some reasons to support my opinion.
第一句话交代该话题的写作背景和社会状态;第二句话是一个连接句，从背景转到题目;第三句，提出作者观点
Body1:
First, a job with more vacation time provide more opportunities to relax ourselves, decrease pressure, and benefit health.
Body2：
What is more, a job with more vacation time is good for family harmony.
Body3：
Last but equally important, a job with more vacation time could provide more opportunities to get promotion.
三段主题段是并列的关系，是针对自己确定的观点的一个支持性的论述。
Conclusion
In conclusion, though high salary is the guarantee of life quality, money is not equal to happy and can never substitute for happiness. So I would rather choose a job with more vacation time in the future.
最后一段结尾段总结上面的观点，一般来说会使用一种让步的方式，使得自己的观点看上去更加的充分。
我们对比一篇分数较低的托福范文，看他是如何失分的(低分)：
Opening：
A number of people prefer a job with more vacation time. I give my vote to this opinion, too.
失分点：开头段的背景内容没有展开，而且没有交代清楚题目中两方面的观点。虽然开头段有一种开门见山的感觉，但是缺少基本的组织结构，并没有把题目内容展示出来，给很突兀的感觉。
Body1:
①Less vacation time means high pressure. It may do harm to your health even contribute to some diseases. According to a recent survey, there has been a sharp increase m the prevalence rate of depression because of the work or study burden. ②In addition, some people work their heads off whereas they miss the best scenery in their lives. ③All in all, high salary may not bring you good mood.
失分点：组织结构和文章展开方面都有问题
这一段的内容，考生其实是想作为文章的主题段落，不过这段一共有三点观点。第一个是指假期较少的话就意味着有很多的压力，但是后面只是说数据也表明这一点，并没有给出具体的细节数据和描述;而在第二个部分，用in addition表明作者另起一段，开始讲述另外的观点，却没有拓展，只用了一句话，就交代了这个观点。
Body2:
In contrast, more vacation time will bring much relaxation and happiness. As the idiom goes, combine work with adequate rest. It applies to the job very much. Taking a trip to some celebrated places of interest can broaden your horizon and the precious experience may assist you with your work. Meanwhile, it adds much spice to our daily life, which is conducive to our physical and mental health.
失分点：考生在这里使用了对比的方式“in contrast”想要通过对比题目中的两种生活方式来说明假期长短的利弊。不过，考生到此结束，并没有把两方面的观点进行说明，从而使得每一部分的内容都显得单薄无力。
失分点：我们从整盘文章的内容来看，缺少基本的思路展开和文章逻辑关系的搭建。此外，考生在文章中很明显使用了很多的模板词汇和句式，这也是托福独立写作部分非常忌讳的。
最后，提高托福独立写作中的得分点
1)其实想要保证一篇文章的基本框架没有问题，就需要考生通过一些逻辑连接词或者是短语把文章的内容连接起来。因为连接词能够保证句子之间以及段落之间的连贯性，还能通过这样一条逻辑主线，使得文章的逻辑变得清晰。这里给大家整理了一些在托福写作中经常用到的连接词，帮助大家更好地优化文章内容：
表层次：First，to begin with, besides, in the first place, last but not least……
表总结：In summary, taking what are discussed into account……
表解释：In fact, as a matter of fact, to tell the truth……
表因果：Consequently, due to…，thanks to, as a result, accordingly
表转折;However, but, while……
表对比In contrast, compared with, in comparison
2)在托福独立写作部分，考生经常犯的语法和拼写错误就是第三人称单数的使用、写作文章的时态以及代词与所指对象保持一致，固定搭配等问题。
总之，想要在托福独立写作部分避免出现失分，就要注意下面几点：
1、文章框架一目了然
2、逻辑思维缜密
3、论据恰当，论证到位
4、恰当使用连接词，保证行文连贯
5、尽可能减少拼写错误。
延伸阅读：请同学们鉴赏下面这篇文章(注意从评分标准出发)
题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
范文： There are certain considerations or factors that everyone takes into account in a relationship. People may look for honesty, altruism, understanding, loyalty, being thoughtful etc.! Everyone would more or less wish that the person she/he is dealing with has some of these virtues above. Putting them in an order according to their importance however can be very subjective and relative.
When someone asks him/herself the question “What do I consider to be the most important thing in my relationship?” the answer depends on a lot of factors such as how his/her earlier relationships were.
After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in a relationship. Opposite of this is inarguably lying and if someone needs to lie, either she/he is hiding something or is afraid of telling me something.
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I’m dealing with is honest. Even though she/he thinks that she/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like, she/he’d better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that’d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there? So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn’t think I can handle the truth, there’s no point to continuing that relationship.
Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite of these behaviors would not upset me as much as dishonesty would.
Among all the possible behaviors, dishonesty is the only one for me that terminates how I feel about a person’s reliability. Therefore honesty would be my first concern and the most important consideration in a relationship.
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